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Reinforcement learning (RL)-based methods have achieved significant success in managing grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEBs). However, RL does not carry intrinsic guarantees of constraint satisfaction, which may lead to severe safety…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Xiang Huo , Boming Liu , Jin Dong , Jianming Lian , Mingxi Liu

We consider controller synthesis for stochastic and partially unknown environments in which safety is essential. Specifically, we abstract the problem as a Markov decision process in which the expected performance is measured using a cost…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-10-21 Sebastian Junges , Nils Jansen , Christian Dehnert , Ufuk Topcu , Joost-Pieter Katoen

Force control in hydraulic actuators is notoriously difficult due to strong nonlinearities, uncertainties, and the high risks associated with unsafe exploration during learning. This paper investigates safe reinforcement learning (RL) for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Lucca Maitan , Lucas Toschi , Cícero Zanette , Elisa G. Vergamini , Leonardo F. Santos , Thiago Boaventura

Safety-critical control tasks with high levels of uncertainty are becoming increasingly common. Typically, techniques that guarantee safety during learning and control utilize constraint-based safety certificates, which can be leveraged to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Alexandre Capone , Ryan Cosner , Aaron Ames , Sandra Hirche

This tutorial paper presents recent work of the authors that extends the theory of Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) to address practical challenges in the synthesis of safe controllers for autonomous systems and robots. We present novel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-29 Kunal Garg , James Usevitch , Joseph Breeden , Mitchell Black , Devansh Agrawal , Hardik Parwana , Dimitra Panagou

This study proposes a safe and sample-efficient reinforcement learning (RL) framework to address two major challenges in developing applicable RL algorithms: satisfying safety constraints and efficiently learning with limited samples. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hongyi Chen , Changliu Liu

This paper presents a novel approach to reinforcement learning (RL) for control systems that provides probabilistic stability guarantees using finite data. Leveraging Lyapunov's method, we propose a probabilistic stability theorem that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Minghao Han , Lixian Zhang , Chenliang Liu , Zhipeng Zhou , Jun Wang , Wei Pan

Safety filters provide modular techniques to augment potentially unsafe control inputs (e.g. from learning-based controllers or humans) with safety guarantees in the form of constraint satisfaction. In this paper, we present an improved…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-12 Antoine P. Leeman , Johannes Köhler , Samir Benanni , Melanie N. Zeilinger

Controller synthesis, including reset controller, feedback controller, and switching logic controller, provides an essential mechanism to guarantee the correctness and reliability of hybrid systems in a correct-by-construction manner.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-13 Jiang Liu , Han Su , Yunjun Bai , Bin Gu , Bai Xue , Mengfei Yang , Naijun Zhan

Merely pursuing performance may adversely affect the safety, while a conservative policy for safe exploration will degrade the performance. How to balance the safety and performance in learning-based control problems is an interesting yet…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-28 Xinyang Wang , Hongwei Zhang , Shimin Wang , Wei Xiao , Martin Guay

We propose a computationally efficient approach to safe reinforcement learning (RL) for frequency regulation in power systems with high levels of variable renewable energy resources. The approach draws on set-theoretic control techniques to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-24 Daniel Tabas , Baosen Zhang

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) allow for efficient synthesis of controllers to maintain desired invariant properties of safety-critical systems. However, the problem of identifying a CBF remains an open question. As such, this paper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-11 Prithvi Akella , Apurva Badithela , Richard M. Murray , Aaron D. Ames

In this paper, we solve the problem of finding a certified control policy that drives a robot from any given initial state and under any bounded disturbance to the desired reference trajectory, with guarantees on the convergence or bounds…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Dawei Sun , Susmit Jha , Chuchu Fan

We investigate the important problem of certifying stability of reinforcement learning policies when interconnected with nonlinear dynamical systems. We show that by regulating the input-output gradients of policies, strong guarantees of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Ming Jin , Javad Lavaei

Safe Reinforcement Learning (SRL) aims to realize a safe learning process for Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms by incorporating safety constraints. However, the efficacy of SRL approaches often relies on accurate function…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zhehua Zhou , Xuan Xie , Jiayang Song , Zhan Shu , Lei Ma

In recent years, formal methods have been extensively used in the design of autonomous systems. By employing mathematically rigorous techniques, formal methods can provide fully automated reasoning processes with provable safety guarantees…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-21 Xiang Yin , Bingzhao Gao , Xiao Yu

Certifying the safety of nonlinear systems, through the lens of set invariance and control barrier functions (CBFs), offers a powerful method for controller synthesis, provided a CBF can be constructed. This paper draws connections between…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Max H. Cohen , Ryan K. Cosner , Aaron D. Ames

This paper considers the synthesis of optimal safe controllers based on density functions. We present an algorithm for robust constrained optimal control synthesis using the duality relationship between the density function and the value…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-30 Yuxiao Chen , Mohamadreza Ahmadi , Aaron D. Ames

Establishing stability certificates for closed-loop systems under reinforcement learning (RL) policies is essential to move beyond empirical performance and offer guarantees of system behavior. Classical Lyapunov methods require a strict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Kehan Long , Jorge Cortés , Nikolay Atanasov

Robots are used increasingly often in safety-critical scenarios, such as robotic surgery or human-robot interaction. To ensure stringent performance criteria, formal controller synthesis is a promising direction to guarantee that robots…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Stefan B. Liu , Bastian Schürmann , Matthias Althoff