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Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely assumed to be translation-invariant, yet standard architectures exhibit a startling fragility: even a single-pixel shift can drastically degrade performance due to their reliance on spatially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Nuria Alabau-Bosque , Jorge Vila-Tomas , Paula Dauden-Oliver , Valero Laparra , Jesus Malo

In modern computer vision tasks, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are indispensable for image classification tasks due to their efficiency and effectiveness. Part of their superiority compared to other architectures, comes from the fact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Vighnesh Birodkar , Hossein Mobahi , Dilip Krishnan , Samy Bengio

Many deep neural networks trained on natural images exhibit a curious phenomenon in common: on the first layer they learn features similar to Gabor filters and color blobs. Such first-layer features appear not to be specific to a particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-09 Jason Yosinski , Jeff Clune , Yoshua Bengio , Hod Lipson

Radio spectrum monitoring in contested environments motivates the need for reliable automatic signal classification technology. Prior work highlights deep learning as a promising approach, but existing models depend on brute-force Doppler…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Avi Bagchi , Dwight Hutchenson

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are widely used in computer vision, especially in image classification. However, the way in which information and invariance properties are encoded through in deep CNN architectures is still an open…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-26 Michael Blot , Matthieu Cord , Nicolas Thome

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) exhibit a well-known texture bias, prioritizing local patterns over global shapes - a tendency inherent to their convolutional architecture. While this bias is beneficial for texture-rich natural images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Takito Sawada , Akinori Iwata , Masahiro Okuda

Most modern convolutional neural networks (CNNs) used for object recognition are built using the same principles: Alternating convolution and max-pooling layers followed by a small number of fully connected layers. We re-evaluate the state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Jost Tobias Springenberg , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Thomas Brox , Martin Riedmiller

We present a novel and hierarchical approach for supervised classification of signals spanning over a fixed graph, reflecting shared properties of the dataset. To this end, we introduce a Convolutional Cluster Pooling layer exploiting a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Angelo Porrello , Davide Abati , Simone Calderara , Rita Cucchiara

Graph Neural Networks (GNN) rely on graph convolutions to learn features from network data. GNNs are stable to different types of perturbations of the underlying graph, a property that they inherit from graph filters. In this paper we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Juan Cervino , Luana Ruiz , Alejandro Ribeiro

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with convolutional and pooling operations along the frequency axis have been proposed to attain invariance to frequency shifts of features. However, this is inappropriate with regard to the fact that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Hwaran Lee , Geonmin Kim , Ho-Gyeong Kim , Sang-Hoon Oh , Soo-Young Lee

Deep neural networks with alternating convolutional, max-pooling and decimation layers are widely used in state of the art architectures for computer vision. Max-pooling purposefully discards precise spatial information in order to create…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-04-19 Sina Honari , Jason Yosinski , Pascal Vincent , Christopher Pal

Recently, dropout has seen increasing use in deep learning. For deep convolutional neural networks, dropout is known to work well in fully-connected layers. However, its effect in convolutional and pooling layers is still not clear. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-02 Haibing Wu , Xiaodong Gu

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results on many visual recognition tasks. However, current CNN models still exhibit a poor ability to be invariant to spatial transformations of images. Intuitively, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Xu Shen , Xinmei Tian , Anfeng He , Shaoyan Sun , Dacheng Tao

Transformation groups, such as translations or rotations, effectively express part of the variability observed in many recognition problems. The group structure enables the construction of invariant signal representations with appealing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-17 Joan Bruna , Arthur Szlam , Yann LeCun

Max-Pooling operations are a core component of deep learning architectures. In particular, they are part of most convolutional architectures used in machine vision, since pooling is a natural approach to pattern detection problems. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Alon Brutzkus , Amir Globerson

Many theories have emerged which investigate how in- variance is generated in hierarchical networks through sim- ple schemes such as max and mean pooling. The restriction to max/mean pooling in theoretical and empirical studies has diverted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Dipan K. Pal , Vishnu Boddeti , Marios Savvides

Feature extraction with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is a popular method to represent images for machine learning tasks. These representations seek to capture global image content, and ideally should be independent of geometric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Jake Lee , Junfeng Yang , Zhangyang Wang

Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNN) are becoming a preferred model for data processing on irregular domains, yet their analysis and principles of operation are rarely examined due to the black box nature of NNs. To this end, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Ljubisa Stankovic , Danilo Mandic

Deep convolutional neural networks have led to breakthrough results in numerous practical machine learning tasks such as classification of images in the ImageNet data set, control-policy-learning to play Atari games or the board game Go,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-25 Thomas Wiatowski , Helmut Bölcskei

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) features have been successfully employed in recent works as an image descriptor for various vision tasks. But the inability of the deep CNN features to exhibit invariance to geometric transformations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-04-27 Konda Reddy Mopuri , R. Venkatesh Babu