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Quantum error correction codes with non-local connections such as quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) incur lower overhead and outperform surface codes on large-scale devices. These codes are not applicable on current superconducting…

We present a fault-tolerant universal quantum computing architecture based on a code concatenation of biased-noise qubits and the parity architecture. The parity architecture can be understood as an LDPC code tailored specifically to obtain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Anette Messinger , Valentin Torggler , Berend Klaver , Michael Fellner , Wolfgang Lechner

Dynamical quantum error-correcting codes (QECC) offer wider possibilities in how one can protect logical quantum information from noise and perform fault-tolerant quantum computation compared to static QECCs. A family of dynamical QECCs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Andrew Tanggara , Mile Gu , Kishor Bharti

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two remote parties to grow a shared key which they can use for unconditionally secure communication [1]. The applicable distance of a QKD protocol depends on the loss and the excess noise of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-08 Lars S. Madsen , Vladyslav C. Usenko , Mikael Lassen , Radim Filip , Ulrik L. Andersen

Quantum key distribution relying on the principles of quantum mechanics enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key, thereby ensuring the security of data transmission. Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-05 Dengke Qi , Xiangyu Wang , Jiayu Ma , Zhenghua Li , Ziyang Chen , Yueming Lu , Song Yu

Pre-fault tolerant quantum computers have already demonstrated the ability to estimate observable values accurately, at a scale beyond brute-force classical computation. This has been enabled by error mitigation techniques that often rely…

Concatenating quantum error correction codes scales error correction capability by driving logical error rates down double-exponentially across levels. However, the noise structure shifts under concatenation, making it hard to choose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Nico Meyer , Christopher Mutschler , Dominik Seuß , Andreas Maier , Daniel D. Scherer

We discuss the locality problem in relativistic and nonrelativistic quantum theory. We show that there exists a formulation of quantum theory that, on one hand, preserves the mathematical apparatus of the standard quantum mechanics and, on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-25 D. A. Slavnov

Geometrically local quantum codes, comprised of qubits and checks embedded in $\mathbb{R}^D$ with local check operators, have been a subject of significant interest. A key challenge is identifying the optimal code construction that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Xingjian Li , Ting-Chun Lin , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Quantum machine learning models have the potential to offer speedups and better predictive accuracy compared to their classical counterparts. However, these quantum algorithms, like their classical counterparts, have been shown to also be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-27 Maurice Weber , Nana Liu , Bo Li , Ce Zhang , Zhikuan Zhao

Superconducting qubits, while promising for scalability and long coherence times, contain more than two energy levels, and therefore are susceptible to errors generated by the leakage of population outside of the computational subspace.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-23 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler

The rapid advancement of quantum hardware calls for the development of reliable methods to certify its correct functioning. However, existing certification tests often fall short: they either rely on flawless state preparation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Jan Nöller , Nikolai Miklin , Martin Kliesch , Mariami Gachechiladze

Superconducting qubits have been used in the most advanced demonstrations of quantum information processing, and they can be manufactured at-scale using proven semiconductor techniques. This makes them one of the leading technologies in the…

Low check weight is practically crucial code property for fault-tolerant quantum computing, which underlies the strong interest in quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes. Here, we explore the theory of weight-constrained stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Fuchuan Wei , Zhengyi Han , Austin Yubo He , Zimu Li , Zi-Wen Liu

The design and performance analysis of quantum error correction (QEC) codes are often based on incoherent and independent noise models since it is easy to simulate. However, these models fail to capture realistic hardware noise sources,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Zeyuan Zhou , Andrew Ji , Yongshan Ding

We introduce CL-QAS, a continual quantum architecture search framework that mitigates the challenges of costly amplitude encoding and catastrophic forgetting in variational quantum circuits. The method uses Tensor-Train encoding to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Jun Qi , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Pin-Yu Chen , Javier Tejedor , Ling Li , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Quantum computers hold the potential to surpass classical computers in solving complex computational problems. However, the fragility of quantum information and the error-prone nature of quantum operations make building large-scale,…

To achieve quantum fault tolerance with lower overhead, quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes have emerged as a promising alternative to topological codes such as the surface code, offering higher code rates. To support their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Mingyu Kang , Yingjia Lin , Hanwen Yao , Mert Gökduman , Arianna Meinking , Kenneth R. Brown

Measurement based quantum computation (MBQC) is an effective paradigm for universal quantum computation. In this scheme, the universal set of quantum gates are realized by only local measurements on the prior prepared cluster states. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-26 Ding Zhong , Jian Wang , Ning Dai , Liang-Zhu Mu , Heng Fan

We investigate the coboundary expansion property of tensor product codes, known as product expansion, which plays an important role in recent constructions of good quantum LDPC codes and classical locally testable codes. Prior research has…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Gleb Kalachev , Pavel Panteleev