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The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising candidates for achieving quantum advantage through quantum-enhanced combinatorial optimization. In a typical QAOA setup, a set of quantum circuit parameters…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-15 Alexey Galda , Xiaoyuan Liu , Danylo Lykov , Yuri Alexeev , Ilya Safro

Quantum optimization allows for up to exponential quantum speedups for specific, possibly industrially relevant problems. As the key algorithm in this field, we motivate and discuss the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Jonas Stein , Maximilian Zorn , Leo Sünkel , Thomas Gabor

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has been introduced as a heuristic digital quantum computing scheme to find approximate solutions of combinatorial problems with shallow circuits. We present a scheme to parallelize this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-02 Wolfgang Lechner

We propose a technique for optimizing parameterized circuits in variational quantum algorithms based on the probabilistic tensor sampling optimization. This method allows one to relax random initialization issues or heuristics for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-01 G. V. Paradezhenko , A. A. Pervishko , D. Yudin

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) was originally developed to solve combinatorial optimization problems, but has become a standard for assessing the performance of quantum computers. Fully descriptive benchmarking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Anthony M. Polloreno , Graeme Smith

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm and its generalization to Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) is a promising approach for applying quantum computers to challenging problems such as combinatorial optimization and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-25 Vladimir Kremenetski , Anuj Apte , Tad Hogg , Stuart Hadfield , Norm M. Tubman

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a variational quantum algorithm that can be used to approximately solve combinatorial optimization problems. However, a major limitation of QAOA is that it is a "local" algorithm for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 Quinn Langfitt , Reuben Tate , Stephan Eidenbenz

The ability of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to deliver a quantum advantage on combinatorial optimization problems is still unclear. Recently, a scaling advantage over a classical solver was postulated to exist for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Thorge Müller , Ajainderpal Singh , Frank K. Wilhelm , Tim Bode

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising candidate for achieving quantum advantage in combinatorial optimization. However, its variational framework presents a long-standing challenge in selecting circuit parameters.…

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) are considered one of the most promising approaches for leveraging near-term quantum computers for practical applications. Such algorithms are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-16 Ruslan Shaydulin , Ilya Safro , Jeffrey Larson

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable potential in solving NP-hard combinatorial problems in the contemporary near intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Boy Choy , David J. Wales

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm proposed with the goal of approximately solving combinatorial optimization problems such as the MAX-CUT problem. It has been considered a potential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Eunok Bae , Hyukjoon Kwon , V Vijendran , Soojoon Lee

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising candidates for achieving quantum advantage through quantum-enhanced combinatorial optimization. A near-optimal solution to the combinatorial optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Alexey Galda , Eesh Gupta , Jose Falla , Xiaoyuan Liu , Danylo Lykov , Yuri Alexeev , Ilya Safro

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm intending to find the ground state of a target Hamiltonian. Theoretically, QAOA can obtain the approximate solution if the quantum circuit is deep…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Yahui Chai , Yong-Jian Han , Yu-Chun Wu , Ye Li , Menghan Dou , Guo-Ping Guo

Variational quantum algorithms are believed to be promising for solving computationally hard problems and are often comprised of repeated layers of quantum gates. An example thereof is the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA),…

Solving optimization tasks using variational quantum algorithms has emerged as a crucial application of the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. However, these algorithms face several difficulties like finding suitable ansatz…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Pranav Chandarana , Pablo S. Vieites , Narendra N. Hegade , Enrique Solano , Yue Ban , Xi Chen

Despite its popularity, several empirical and theoretical studies suggest that the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has persistent issues in providing a substantial practical advantage. Numerical results for few qubits and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Gereon Koßmann , Lennart Binkowski , Lauritz van Luijk , Timo Ziegler , René Schwonnek

The multi-angle quantum approximate optimization algorithm (ma-QAOA) is a recently introduced algorithm that gives at least the same approximation ratio as the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) and, in most cases, gives a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Anthony Wilkie , James Ostrowski , Rebekah Herrman

This article consists of a short introduction to the quantum approximation optimisation algorithm (QAOA). The mathematical structure of the QAOA, as well as its basic properties, are described. The implementation of the QAOA on MaxCut…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-25 Behzad Mansouri

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous and computationally hard to solve in general. Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), one of the most representative quantum-classical hybrid algorithms, is designed to solve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Lixue Cheng , Yu-Qin Chen , Shi-Xin Zhang , Shengyu Zhang