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The interplay between the small x limit of QCD amplitudes and QCD factorization at moderate x has been studied extensively in recent years. It was finally shown that semiclassical formulations of small x physics can have the form of an…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-05-19 Renaud Boussarie , Yacine Mehtar-Tani

We present a covariant formulation and model calculations of transverse momentum-dependent quark distribution functions (TMDs) for spin-one hadrons. Emphasis is placed on a description of these 3-dimensional distribution functions which is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-11-01 Yu Ninomiya , Wolfgang Bentz , Ian C. Cloët

We develop a method of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) operator expansion that yields the TMD factorization theorem on the operator level. The TMD operators are systematically ordered with respect to TMD-twist, which allows a certain…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-02-09 Alexey Vladimirov , Valentin Moos , Ignazio Scimemi

A new formalism for the factorization of the cross section for single hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations, differential in $z_h$, $P_T$ and thrust, is applied to the phenomenological analysis of data recently measured by the BELLE…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-11-09 M. Boglione , J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez , A. Simonelli

Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering provides unique access to the three-dimensional momentum and spin structure of the proton, enabling precise studies of parton dynamics and hadronization in QCD. We present a transverse-momentum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-09 Jun Gao , Hai Tao Li , Hua Xing Zhu , Yu Jiao Zhu

Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions, also abbreviated as TMDs, offer a three-dimensional picture of hadrons by taking the intrinsic transverse momentum of the parton into consideration. Hence, they are very important…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-12-03 Xiao Liu , Wenjuan Mao , Xiaoyu Wang , Bo-Qiang Ma

The transverse momentum-dependent fragmentation functions (TMD FFs) of heavy (bottom and charm) quarks, which we recently introduced, are universal building blocks that enter predictions for a large number of observables involving…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-04 Rebecca von Kuk , Johannes K. L. Michel , Zhiquan Sun

Central to understanding the nonpertubative, intrinsic partonic nature of hadron structure are the concepts of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution and fragmentation functions. A TMD factorization approach to the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-08-17 J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez , T. C. Rogers , N. Sato

The transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization theorem accommodates various types of power corrections. Among them, the least studied are qT/Q corrections, which become significant at large values of transverse momentum. These…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-01 Arturo Arroyo-Castro , Ignazio Scimemi , Alexey Vladimirov

Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) provide three-dimensional images of the partonic structure of the nucleon in momentum space. We made impressive progress in understanding TMDs, both from the theoretical and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-20 Alessandro Bacchetta

We consider transverse-momentum resummation for top-quark pair production in hadron collisions. At small transverse momenta of the top-quark pair, the logarithmically-enhanced QCD contributions are resummed to all orders up to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-12-05 Stefano Catani , Massimiliano Grazzini , Hayk Sargsyan

We present the complete structure of the azimuthal dependences and polarization observables for two-hadron production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation processes within a transverse momentum dependent (TMD) approach adopting the helicity formalism.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-01-18 Umberto D'Alesio , Francesco Murgia , Marco Zaccheddu

Its cornerstone were studies of hadron production in deep inelastic scattering (DIS), which can be interpreted in the transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorisation framework, allowing to access the distributions of polarisation and…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-05-13 Jan Matousek

We examine the QCD evolution of the helicity and transversity parton distribution functions when including also their dependence on transverse momentum. Using an appropriate definition of these polarized transverse momentum distributions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-15 Alessandro Bacchetta , Alexei Prokudin

It is shown that the dependence of ratio $f_s/f_d$ could be understood within the fragmentation approach. However, the validity of fragmentation model is questionable at low $p_T$, and contributions of nonfragmentation mechanisms are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-02-10 A. V. Berezhnoy , A. K. Likhoded

Charged hadron differential distributions from muon-induced deep inelastic scattering, DIS, on a $^6$LiD target are presented as function of the DIS variables $x_{Bj}$, $Q^2$, $W^2$ and the hadron variables $p_T$ and $z$. They can be used…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2010-08-31 Jean-Francois Rajotte

The main aim of this paper is a new determination of transverse momentum dependence of unpolarized fragmentation function (TMD FFs) in single inclusive hadron production in electron-positron annihilation (SIA) process. Motivated by the need…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-12-04 Maryam Soleymaninia , Hamzeh Khanpour

We present the complete leading-order results for the azimuthal dependences and polarization observables in $e^+e^-\to h_1 h_2 + X$ processes, where the two hadrons are produced almost back-to-back, within a transverse momentum dependent…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-10-27 Umberto D'Alesio , Francesco Murgia , Marco Zaccheddu

We consider the transverse-momentum ($q_T$) distribution of $Z$ bosons produced in hadronic collisions. At small values of $q_T$, we perform the analytic resummation of the logarithmically enhanced QED contributions up to next-to-leading…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-09-26 Leandro Cieri , Giancarlo Ferrera , German F. R. Sborlini

We perform the first simultaneous extraction of parton collinear and transverse degrees of freedom from low-energy fixed-target Drell-Yan data in order to compare the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-11-28 P. C. Barry , L. Gamberg , W. Melnitchouk , E. Moffat , D. Pitonyak , A. Prokudin , N. Sato