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Optimization is an integral part of modern deep learning. Recently, the concept of learned optimizers has emerged as a way to accelerate this optimization process by replacing traditional, hand-crafted algorithms with meta-learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Jan Sobotka , Petr Šimánek , Daniel Vašata

Much as replacing hand-designed features with learned functions has revolutionized how we solve perceptual tasks, we believe learned algorithms will transform how we train models. In this work we focus on general-purpose learned optimizers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Luke Metz , Niru Maheswaranathan , C. Daniel Freeman , Ben Poole , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

Deep learning systems achieve remarkable empirical performance, yet the stability of the training process itself remains poorly understood. Training unfolds as a high-dimensional dynamical system in which small perturbations to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhipeng Zhang , Zhenjie Yao , Kai Li , Lei Yang

While reinforcement learning (RL) holds great potential for decision making in the real world, it suffers from a number of unique difficulties which often need specific consideration. In particular: it is highly non-stationary; suffers from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Alexander David Goldie , Chris Lu , Matthew Thomas Jackson , Shimon Whiteson , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster

Due to the nonlinear nature of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), one can not guarantee convergence to a unique global minimum of the loss when using optimizers relying only on local information, such as SGD. Indeed, this was a primary source of…

Learned optimizers are algorithms that can themselves be trained to solve optimization problems. In contrast to baseline optimizers (such as momentum or Adam) that use simple update rules derived from theoretical principles, learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Niru Maheswaranathan , David Sussillo , Luke Metz , Ruoxi Sun , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

Deep learning has shown that learned functions can dramatically outperform hand-designed functions on perceptual tasks. Analogously, this suggests that learned optimizers may similarly outperform current hand-designed optimizers, especially…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Luke Metz , Niru Maheswaranathan , Jeremy Nixon , C. Daniel Freeman , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

We examine the stability of loss-minimizing training processes that are used for deep neural networks (DNN) and other classifiers. While a classifier is optimized during training through a so-called loss function, the performance of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-10-05 Leonid Berlyand , Pierre-Emmanuel Jabin , C. Alex Safsten

We analyze the type of learned optimization that occurs when a learned model (such as a neural network) is itself an optimizer - a situation we refer to as mesa-optimization, a neologism we introduce in this paper. We believe that the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Evan Hubinger , Chris van Merwijk , Vladimir Mikulik , Joar Skalse , Scott Garrabrant

Traditional maximum entropy and sparsity-based algorithms for analytic continuation often suffer from the ill-posed kernel matrix or demand tremendous computation time for parameter tuning. Here we propose a neural network method by convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Dongchen Huang , Yi-feng Yang

Training modern neural networks is increasingly fragile, with rare but severe destabilizing updates often causing irreversible divergence or silent performance degradation. Existing optimization methods primarily rely on preventive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Barak Or

Decision-focused learning integrates predictive modeling and combinatorial optimization by training models to directly improve decision quality rather than prediction accuracy alone. Differentiating through combinatorial optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Victor Spitzer , Francois Sanson

Learned optimizers are a crucial component of meta-learning. Recent advancements in scalable learned optimizers have demonstrated their superior performance over hand-designed optimizers in various tasks. However, certain characteristics of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Gaole Dai , Wei Wu , Ziyu Wang , Jie Fu , Shanghang Zhang , Tiejun Huang

The solution of linear inverse problems arising, for example, in signal and image processing is a challenging problem since the ill-conditioning amplifies, in the solution, the noise present in the data. Recently introduced algorithms based…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-08 Davide Evangelista , James Nagy , Elena Morotti , Elena Loli Piccolomini

Machine learning pipelines often rely on optimization procedures to make discrete decisions (e.g., sorting, picking closest neighbors, or shortest paths). Although these discrete decisions are easily computed, they break the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Quentin Berthet , Mathieu Blondel , Olivier Teboul , Marco Cuturi , Jean-Philippe Vert , Francis Bach

Learning to Optimize is a recently proposed framework for learning optimization algorithms using reinforcement learning. In this paper, we explore learning an optimization algorithm for training shallow neural nets. Such high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-01 Ke Li , Jitendra Malik

Sensitivity to adversarial noise hinders deployment of machine learning algorithms in security-critical applications. Although many adversarial defenses have been proposed, robustness to adversarial noise remains an open problem. The most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Alex Serban , Erik Poll , Joost Visser

Learned Optimizers (LOs), a type of Meta-learning, have gained traction due to their ability to be parameterized and trained for efficient optimization. Traditional gradient-based methods incorporate explicit regularization techniques such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Suraj Kumar Sahoo , Narayanan C Krishnan

In recent years, by leveraging more data, computation, and diverse tasks, learned optimizers have achieved remarkable success in supervised learning, outperforming classical hand-designed optimizers. Reinforcement learning (RL) is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Qingfeng Lan , A. Rupam Mahmood , Shuicheng Yan , Zhongwen Xu

The growing scale and complexity of safety-critical control systems underscore the need to evolve current control architectures aiming for the unparalleled performances achievable through state-of-the-art optimization and machine learning…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Luca Furieri , Clara Lucía Galimberti , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate
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