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Many biological processes can be thought of as the result of an underlying dynamics in which the system repeatedly undergoes distinct and abortive trajectories with the dynamical process only ending when some specific process, purpose,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Jane Kondev , Marc Kirschner , Hernan G. Garcia , Gabriel L. Salmon , Rob Phillips

We show that neural networks trained by evolutionary reinforcement learning can enact efficient molecular self-assembly protocols. Presented with molecular simulation trajectories, networks learn to change temperature and chemical potential…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-01 Stephen Whitelam , Isaac Tamblyn

Self-assembly is traditionally described as the process through which an initially disordered system relaxes towards an equilibrium ordered phase only driven by local interactions between its building blocks. However, This definition is too…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-15 Lorenzo Di Michele , Francesco Varrato , Jurij Kotar , Simon H. Nathan , Giuseppe Foffi , Erika Eiser

We report a droplet microfluidic method to target and sort individual cells directly from complex microbiome samples, and to prepare these cells for bulk whole genome sequencing without cultivation. We characterize this approach by…

Emergence of new protein structures has proved difficult to trace in nature and engineer in the laboratory. However, one aspect of structure evolution has proved immensely helpful for determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-05-24 Amy I. Gilson , Ahmee Marshall-Christensen , Jeong-Mo Choi , Eugene I. Shakhnovich

Just like atoms combine into molecules, colloids can self-organize into predetermined structures according to a set of design principles. Controlling valence -- the number of inter-particle bonds -- is a prerequisite for the assembly of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-01-05 Angus McMullen , Sascha Hilgenfeldt , Jasna Brujic

A big challenge in current biology is to understand the exact self-organization mechanism underlying complex multi-physics coupling developmental processes. With multiscale computations of from subcellular gene expressions to cell…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-18 Xiaoliang Wang , Dongyun Bai

We argue that the selective inclusion of data points based on latent objectives is common in practical situations, such as music sequences. Since this selection process often distorts statistical analysis, previous work primarily views it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yujia Zheng , Zeyu Tang , Yiwen Qiu , Bernhard Schölkopf , Kun Zhang

Design of de novo biological sequences with desired properties, like protein and DNA sequences, often involves an active loop with several rounds of molecule ideation and expensive wet-lab evaluations. These experiments can consist of…

Studies of active matter, from molecular assemblies to animal groups, have revealed two broad classes of behavior: a tendency to align yields orientational order and collective motion, whereas particle repulsion leads to self-trapping and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-11-23 Jie Zhang , Ricard Alert , Jing Yan , Ned S. Wingreen , Steve Granick

We present an X-ray tomography study of the segregation mechanisms of tracer particles in a three-dimensional cyclically sheared bi-disperse granular medium. Big tracers are dragged by convection to rise to the top surface and then remain…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-09-18 Zhifeng Li , Zhikun Zeng , Yi Xing , Jindong Li , Jie Zheng , Qinghao Mao , Jie Zhang , Meiying Hou , Yujie Wang

Chemical selectivity is a phenomenon displayed by potential energy surfaces (PES) that is relevant for many organic chemical reactions whose PES feature a valley-ridge inflection point (VRI) in the region between two sequential index-1…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-07-15 M. Agaoglou , V. J. Garcıa-Garrido , M. Katsanikas , S. Wiggins

Generating diverse sequences is important in many NLP applications such as question generation or summarization that exhibit semantically one-to-many relationships between source and the target sequences. We present a method to explicitly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Jaemin Cho , Minjoon Seo , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Peptides are recognized for their varied self-assembly behaviors, forming a wide array of structures and geometries, such as spheres, fibers, and hydrogels, each presenting a unique set of material properties. The functionalities of these…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-15 Sarah K. Yorke , Zhenze Yang , Aviad Levin , Alice Ray , Jeremy Owusu Boamah , Tuomas P. J. Knowles , Markus J. Buehler

The cellular cytoplasm is organized into compartments. Phase separation is a simple manner to create membrane-less compartments in order to confine and localize particles like proteins. In many cases these particles are bound to fluctuating…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-16 G. David , J. -C. Walter , C. P. Broedersz , J. Dorignac , F. Geniet , A. Parmeggiani , N. -O. Walliser , J. Palmeri

For large libraries of small molecules, exhaustive combinatorial chemical screens become infeasible to perform when considering a range of disease models, assay conditions, and dose ranges. Deep learning models have achieved state of the…

Variation in the evolutionary process across the sites of nucleotide sequence alignments is well established, and is an increasingly pervasive feature of datasets composed of gene regions sampled from multiple loci and/or different genomes.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-09-04 Brian R. Moore , Jim McGuire , Fredrik Ronquist , John P. Huelsenbeck

Self-assembly processes in biological and synthetic biomolecular systems are often governed by the spatial separation of biochemical processes. While previous work has focused on optimizing self-assembly through fine-tuned reaction…

Biological Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Severin Angerpointner , Richard Swiderski , Erwin Frey

The emergence of membranous compartments (protocells) with encapsulated genetic material was a crucial step life's origin and evolution. The hot spring hypothesis for the origin of life suggests that protocells could have formed in hot…

Phase separation of various materials has been studied for one and a half centuries. In the last two decades, phase separation of proteins and nucleic acids has received enormous attention, due its relevance to cellular functions. However,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-28 Huan-Xiang Zhou