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We provide the differential equations that generalize the Newtonian N-body problem of celestial mechanics to spaces of constant Gaussian curvature, k, for all k real. In previous studies, the equations of motion made sense only for k…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-08-15 Florin Diacu

We consider three-dimensional Einstein gravity in Euclidean signature with a finite boundary of torus topology endowed with an induced metric of fixed conformal class and a constant trace of extrinsic curvature $K$. For vanishing, positive,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-11 Weam Abou Hamdan , Chawakorn Maneerat

This paper presents a study of the isosceles problem resulting by a perturbation of Euler's collinear solution under Newtonian gravitational attraction of three bodies in space. After the Hamiltonian was obtained, a circumference of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-03-19 Karine Santos

We study the dynamics of the planar circular restricted three-body problem in the context of a pseudo-Newtonian approximation. By using the Fodor-Hoenselaers-Perj\'es procedure, we perform an expansion in the mass potential of a static…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-05 F. L. Dubeibe , F. D. Lora-Clavijo , Guillermo A. González

The three-body problem is reexamined in the framework of general relativity. The Newtonian three-body problem admits Euler's collinear solution, where three bodies move around the common center of mass with the same orbital period and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-12-13 Kei Yamada , Hideki Asada

One of the outstanding problems of classical celestial mechanics was the restricted 3-body prob- lem, in which a planetoid of small mass is subject to the Newtonian attraction of two celestial bodies of large mass, as it occurs, for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-18 Emmanuele Battista , Giampiero Esposito

We study the influence of relativity on the chaotic properties and dynamical outcomes of an unstable triple system; the Pythagorean three-body problem. To this end, we extend the Brutus N-body code to include Post-Newtonian pairwise terms…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-27 Tjarda C. N. Boekholt , Arend Moerman , Simon F. Portegies Zwart

Recent numerical results seem to suggest that in certain regimes of typical particle velocities the gravitational $N-$body problem (for $3\leq N\lesssim 10^3$) is intrinsically less chaotic when the post-Newtonian (PN) force terms are…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-08 Pierfrancesco Di Cintio , Alessandro Alberto Trani

We extend General Relativity by promoting Planck scale and the cosmological constant into integration constants, interpreted as fluxes of $4$-forms hiding in the theory. When we include the charges of the $4$-forms, these `constants' can…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-10-05 Nemanja Kaloper

The free fall of three particles under Newtonian attraction allows to illustrate some of the complexities of the general three body problem. The total collapse or singularity that occurs when starting from one of the five central…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-03-21 Frank Janssens

The three-body problem is a fundamental long-standing open problem, with applications in all branches of physics, including astrophysics, nuclear physics and particle physics. In general, conserved quantities allow to reduce the formulation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-28 Barak Kol

The three-body problem is arguably the oldest open question in astrophysics, and has resisted a general analytic solution for centuries. Various implementations of perturbation theory provide solutions in portions of parameter space, but…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-03-18 Nicholas C. Stone , Nathan W. C. Leigh

The circular restricted three body problem, which considers the dynamics of an infinitesimal particle in the presence of the gravitational interaction with two massive bodies moving on circular orbits about their common center of mass, is a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-07 Cristina Blaga , Paul A. Blaga , Tiberiu Harko

We develop a framework based on energy kicks for the evolution of high-eccentricity long-period orbits with Jacobi constant close to 3 in the restricted circular planar three-body problem where the secondary and primary masses have mass…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Margaret Pan , Re'em Sari

The Hannay angle has been previously studied for a celestial circular restricted three-body system by means of an adiabatic approach. In the present work, three main results are obtained. Firstly, a formal connection between perturbation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Spallicci , A. Morbidelli , G. Metris

Several N-body problems in ordinary (3-dimensional) space are introduced which are characterized by Newtonian equations of motion (``acceleration equal force;'' in most cases, the forces are velocity-dependent) and are amenable to exact…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Massimo Bruschi , Francesco Calogero

We construct a Nekhoroshev-like result of stability with sharp constants for the planar three body problem, both in the planetary and in the restricted circular case, by using the periodic averaging technique. Our constructions can be…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-10-16 Santiago Barbieri , Laurent Niederman

Within the solar system, approximate realizations of the three-body problem occur when a comet approaches a planet while being affected mainly by such a planet and the Sun, and this configuration was investigated by Tisserand within the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-08-10 Emmanuele Battista , Giampiero Esposito , Angelo Tartaglia

We consider the steady-state Boussinesq system in the whole three-dimensional space, with the action of external forces and the gravitational acceleration. First, for $3<p\leq +\infty$ we prove the existence of weak $L^p$-solutions.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-07-24 Oscar Jarrin

The discovery of a Higgs boson at the electroweak scale appears to point toward supersymmetry, as the most likely mechanism for protecting a scalar boson mass from enormous radiative corrections. The earlier discovery of neutrino masses…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-22 Roland E. Allen