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Rigid-bodied robots often lack compliance needed to adapt to unstructured environments, while fully soft robots, though highly adaptable, struggle with scalability and load capacity. In nature, musculoskeletal systems balance strength and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hiroki Kobayashi , Yuki Takaha , Changyoung Yuhn , Yuki Sato , Sunao Tomita , Atsushi Kawamoto , Tsuyoshi Nomura

Generation of robust trajectories for legged robots remains a challenging task due to the underlying nonlinear, hybrid and intrinsically unstable dynamics which needs to be stabilized through limited contact forces. Furthermore,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Ahmad Gazar , Majid Khadiv , Sébastien Kleff , Andrea Del Prete , Ludovic Righetti

Hybrid dynamical systems, i.e. systems that have both continuous and discrete states, are ubiquitous in engineering, but are difficult to work with due to their discontinuous transitions. For example, a robot leg is able to exert very…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Nathan J. Kong , J. Joe Payne , James Zhu , Aaron M. Johnson

This paper describes a topological approach to generating families of open- and closed-loop walking gaits for underactuated 2D and 3D biped walkers subject to configuration inequality constraints, physical holonomic constraints…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Nelson Rosa , Kevin M. Lynch

While modular robots offer versatility, excessive joint torque during locomotion poses a significant risk of mechanical failure, especially for detachable joints. To address this, we propose an optimization framework using the NSGA-III…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Kennosuke Chihara , Takuya Kiyokawa , Kensuke Harada

The most concentrated application of lower-limb rehabilitation exoskeleton (LLE) robot is that it can help paraplegics "re-walk". However, "walking" in daily life is more than just walking on flat ground with fixed gait. This paper focuses…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Lei Zhang , Weihai Chen , Yuan Chai , Jianhua Wang , Jianbin Zhang

Hybrid systems theory has become a powerful approach for designing feedback controllers that achieve dynamically stable bipedal locomotion, both formally and in practice. This paper presents an analytical framework 1) to address…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-17 Kaveh Akbari Hamed , Wen-Loong , Aaron D. Ames

Legged robots promise higher versatility and the ability to traverse much more difficult terrains than their wheeled counterparts. Even though the use of legged robots have increased drastically in the last few years, they are still not…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Hilmar Elverhøy , Steinar Bøe , Vegard Søyseth , Tønnes Nygaard

Robust bipedal locomotion in exoskeletons requires the ability to dynamically react to changes in the environment in real time. This paper introduces the hybrid data-driven predictive control (HDDPC) framework, an extension of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Kejun Li , Jeeseop Kim , Maxime Brunet , Marine Pétriaux , Yisong Yue , Aaron D. Ames

Galloping is a common high-speed gait in both animals and quadrupedal robots, yet its energetic characteristics remain insufficiently explored. This study systematically analyzes a large number of possible galloping gaits by categorizing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yasser G. Alqaham , Jing Cheng , Zhenyu Gan

Hybrid track/wheel-legged robots combine the advantages of wheel-based and leg-based locomotion, granting adaptability across varied terrains through efficient transitions between rolling and walking modes. However, automating these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Jie Wang , Krispin Davies

We propose a method to generate actuation plans for a reduced order, dynamic model of bipedal running. This method explicitly enforces robustness to ground uncertainty. The plan generated is not a fixed body trajectory that is aggressively…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Kevin Green , Ross L. Hatton , Jonathan Hurst

Legged robot research is presently focused on bipedal or quadrupedal robots, despite capabilities to build robots with many more legs to potentially improve locomotion performance. This imbalance is not necessarily due to hardware…

Sprawling locomotion in vertebrates, particularly salamanders, demonstrates how body undulation and spinal mobility enhance stability, maneuverability, and adaptability across complex terrains. While prior work has separately explored…

The hybrid zero dynamics control concept for bipedal walking is extended to include a non-instantaneous double support phase. A symmetric robot that consists of five rigid body segments which are connected by four actuated revolute joints…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Yinnan Luo , Ulrich J. Römer , Alexander Dyck , Marten Zirkel , Lena Zentner , Alexander Fidlin

While quadruped robots usually have good stability and load capacity, bipedal robots offer a higher level of flexibility / adaptability to different tasks and environments. A multi-modal legged robot can take the best of both worlds. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Chen Yu , Andre Rosendo

We propose an online motion planner for legged robot locomotion with the primary objective of achieving energy efficiency. The conceptual idea is to leverage a placement set of footstep positions based on the robot's body position to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Alexander Schperberg , Marcel Menner , Stefano Di Cairano

Quadruped robots are often designed with rigid feet to simplify control and maintain stable contact during locomotion. While this approach is straightforward, it limits the ability of the legs to absorb impact forces and reuse stored…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Pramod Pal , Shishir Kolathaya , Ashitava Ghosal

Learning-based approaches have recently shown notable success in legged locomotion. However, these approaches often lack accountability, necessitating empirical tests to determine their effectiveness. In this work, we are interested in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Xingpeng Xia , Jason J. Choi , Ayush Agrawal , Koushil Sreenath , Claire J. Tomlin , Somil Bansal

This study explores the dynamics of asymmetrical bounding gaits in quadrupedal robots, focusing on the integration of torso pitching and hip motion to enhance speed and stability. Traditional control strategies often enforce a fixed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jing Cheng , Yasser G. Alqaham , Zhenyu Gan