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The concept of age of information (AoI) has been proposed to quantify information freshness, which is crucial for time-sensitive applications. However, in millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems, the link blockage caused by obstacles…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Ziqi Guo , Yong Niu , Shiwen Mao , Changming Zhang , Ning Wang , Zhangdui Zhong , Bo Ai

As wireless networks continue to evolve, stringent latency and reliability requirements and highly dynamic channels expose fundamental limitations of gNB-centric massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) architectures, motivating a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Kwonyeol Park , Hyuckjin Choi , Geonho Han , Gyoseung Lee , Yeonjoon Choi , Sunwoo Park , Junil Choi

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been regarded as a revolutionary and promising technology owing to its powerful feature of adaptively shaping wireless propagation environment. However, as a frequency-selective device, the RIS…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-29 Sifan Liu , Pengfei Ni , Rang Liu , Yang Liu , Ming Li , Qian Liu

This paper proposes the joint design of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and zero-forcing (ZF) precoding for the downlink (DL) multiuser multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) setup in millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands, where ZF is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Ainna Yue Moreno-Locubiche , Josep Vidal , Antonio Pascual-Iserte , Olga Muñoz

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) achieve high passive beamforming gains for signal enhancement or interference nulling by dynamically adjusting their reflection coefficients. Their employment is particularly appealing for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Ming-Min Zhao , Kaidi Xu , Yunlong Cai , Yong Niu , Lajos Hanzo

Active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) emerges as an effective technique to resist the double-fading attenuation of passive RIS. By embedding with power harvesting function, it further evolves to zero-power active RIS, which can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xiao Zheng , Wenchi Cheng , Jingqing Wang , Zhuohui Yao , Jiangzhou Wang

As wireless systems evolve toward Beyond 5G (B5G), the adoption of cell-free (CF) millimeter-wave (mmWave) architectures combined with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) is emerging as a key enabler for ultra-reliable, high-capacity,…

To meet the requirements for high data rates and ubiquitous connectivity in 6G networks, higher frequencies and larger array apertures are employed to enhance spatial resolution and spectral efficiency. This evolution leads to an expansion…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-03 Shupei Zhang , Boya Di , Lingyang Song

This work considers the problem of energy efficiency maximization in a RIS-based communication link, subject to not only the conventional maximum power constraints, but also additional constraints on the maximum exposure to electromagnetic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-20 Alessio Zappone , Marco Di Renzo

This paper introduces a novel approach of utilizing the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for joint data modulation and signal beamforming in a multi-user downlink cellular network by leveraging the idea of backscatter communication.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Haseeb Ur Rehman , Faouzi Bellili , Amine Mezghani , Ekram Hossain

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have recently drawn significant attention as two transformative technologies, and the synergy between them emerges as a promising paradigm for providing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-07 Pinjun Zheng , Xing Liu , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

Since the spectrum below 6 GHz bands is insufficient to meet the high bandwidth requirements of 5G use cases, 5G networks expand their operation to mmWave bands. However, operation at these bands has to cope with a high penetration loss and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Lotte Weedage , Clara Stegehuis , Suzan Bayhan

This paper explores the near field (NF) covert communication with the aid of rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). In particular, the RIS operates in the NF of both the legitimate user and the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-30 Atiquzzaman Mondal , Amira Bendaimi , Huseyin Arslan

An undesirable consequence of the foreseeable proliferation of sophisticated integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) technologies is the enabling of spoofing, by malicious agents, of situational information (such as proximity,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-19 Getuar Rexhepi , Hyeon Seok Rou , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , George C. Alexandropoulos

We investigate the performance of a multiple reconfigurable intelligence surface (RIS)-aided millimeter wave (mmWave) beamspace multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with multiple users (UEs). We focus on a challenging scenario in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zaid Abdullah , Mario R. Camana , Abuzar B. M. Adam , Chandan K. Sheemar , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas

Prospective mobile networks will be heterogeneous multi-tier networks, with different classes of base stations (BS) installed dependent on user demand. Multi-tier networks enable operators to enhance system capacity and coverage through…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-30 Mobasshir Mahbub , Raed M. Shubair

This paper explores the integration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) into cell-free massive multiple-input-multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) networks operating in FR1 and FR3 frequency bands. We present a comprehensive framework for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Alejandro de la Fuente , Fernando Galindo , Uriel García-Bárbulo , Sandra-Noemy Arana-Alegre , Jan García-Morales

The sixth generation (6G) mobile communication networks are expected to offer a new paradigm of cellular integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). However, due to the intrinsic difference between sensing and communication in terms of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Ruoguang Li , Zhiqiang Xiao , Yong Zeng

This letter introduces a low-complexity beamforming approach for MU-MIMO systems with multiple data streams per user, minimizing inter-user interference and improving spectral efficiency (SE). The Interference-Optimized Singular Vector…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-07 Md Saheed Ullah , Rafid Umayer Murshed , Mohammad Saquib , Md. Forkan Uddin

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are two potential sixth-generation (6G) technologies. However, channel aging due to user mobility and electromagnetic interference (EMI)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Jun Qian , Chi Zhang , Ross Murch , Khaled B. Letaief
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