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Graphical security models constitute a well-known, user-friendly way to represent the security of a system. These kinds of models are used by security experts to identify vulnerabilities and assess the security of a system. The manual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Alyzia-Maria Konsta , Beatrice Spiga , Alberto Lluch Lafuente , Nicola Dragoni

Attack trees (ATs) are popular graphical models for reasoning about the security of complex systems, allowing for the quantification of risk through so-called AT metrics. A large variety of different such AT metrics have been proposed, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Benedikt Peterseim , Milan Lopuhaä-Zwakenberg

Threat detection systems rely on rule-based logic to identify adversarial behaviors, yet the conformance of these rules to high-level threat models is rarely verified formally. We present a formal verification framework that models both…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Dumitru-Bogdan Prelipcean , Cătălin Dima

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) have created new security challenges for critical infrastructures due to their stealthy, dynamic, and adaptive natures. In this work, we aim to lay a game-theoretic foundation by establishing a multi-stage…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Linan Huang , Quanyan Zhu

Numerous analysis methods for quantitative attack tree analysis have been proposed. These algorithms compute relevant security metrics, i.e. performance indicators that quantify how good the security of a system is; typical metrics being…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Milan Lopuhaä-Zwakenberg , Carlos E. Budde , Mariëlle Stoelinga

Companies and network operators perform risk assessment to inform policy-making, guide infrastructure investments or to comply with security standards such as ISO 27001. Due to the size and complexity of these networks, risk assessment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Alexander Dax , Robert Künnemann

This paper describes our ongoing work on security verification against inference attacks on data trees. We focus on infinite secrecy against inference attacks, which means that attackers cannot narrow down the candidates for the value of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-12-18 Ryo Iwase , Yasunori Ishihara , Toru Fujiwara

Attack Trees are a graphical model of security used to study threat scenarios. While visually appealing and supported by solid theories and effective tools, one of their main drawbacks remains the amount of effort required by security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Alyzia-Maria Konsta , Gemma Di Federico , Alberto Lluch Lafuente , Andrea Burattin

Designers of autonomous agents, whether in physical or virtual environments, need to express nondeterminisim, failure, and parallelism in behaviors, as well as accounting for synchronous coordination between agents. Behavior Trees are a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Chris Martens , Eric Butler , Joseph C. Osborn

This article addresses the problem of automatically generating attack trees that soundly and clearly describe the ways the system can be attacked. Soundness means that the attacks displayed by the attack tree are indeed attacks in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Olga Gadyatskaya , Sjouke Mauw , Rolando Trujillo-Rasuac , Tim A. C. Willemse

Attack Trees (ATs) are a widely used tool for security analysis. ATs can be employed in quantitative security analysis through metrics, which assign a security value to an AT. Many different AT metrics exist, and there exist multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Milan Lopuhaä-Zwakenberg

Critical infrastructure systems - for which high reliability and availability are paramount - must operate securely. Attack trees (ATs) are hierarchical diagrams that offer a flexible modelling language used to assess how systems can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Stefano M. Nicoletti , Milan Lopuhaä-Zwakenberg , E. Moritz Hahn , Mariëlle Stoelinga

We study alternating automata with qualitative semantics over infinite binary trees: alternation means that two opposing players construct a decoration of the input tree called a run, and the qualitative semantics says that a run of the…

Motivated by safety-critical classification problems, we investigate adversarial attacks against cost-sensitive classifiers. We use current state-of-the-art adversarially-resistant neural network classifiers [1] as the underlying models.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-08 Gavin S. Hartnett , Andrew J. Lohn , Alexander P. Sedlack

This paper revisits two classical distributed problems in anonymous networks, namely spanning tree construction and topology recognition, from the point of view of graph covering theory. For both problems, we characterize necessary and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Arnaud Casteigts , Yves Métivier , John Michael Robson

Joint safety and security analysis of cyber-physical systems is a necessary step to correctly capture inter-dependencies between these properties. Attack-Fault Trees represent a combination of dynamic Fault Trees and Attack Trees and can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Raffaela Groner , Thomas Witte , Alexander Raschke , Sophie Hirn , Irdin Pekaric , Markus Frick , Matthias Tichy , Michael Felderer

The increasingly pervasive connectivity of today's information systems brings up new challenges to security. Traditional security has accomplished a long way toward protecting well-defined goals such as confidentiality, integrity,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Quanyan Zhu , Stefan Rass

We focus on adversarial patrolling games on arbitrary graphs, where the Defender can control a mobile resource, the targets are alarmed by an alarm system, and the Attacker can observe the actions of the mobile resource of the Defender and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Giuseppe De Nittis , Nicola Gatti

Security risk management can be applied on well-defined or existing systems; in this case, the objective is to identify existing vulnerabilities, assess the risks and provide for the adequate countermeasures. Security risk management can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-09 Stéphane Paul

In this paper, we present a proof theory for attack trees. Attack trees are a well established and useful model for the construction of attacks on systems since they allow a stepwise exploration of high level attacks in application…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Florian Kammüller