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For natural language processing systems, two kinds of evidence support the use of text representations from neural language models "pretrained" on large unannotated corpora: performance on application-inspired benchmarks (Peters et al.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Zhaofeng Wu , Hao Peng , Noah A. Smith

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have achieved tremendous success in processing sequential data, yet understanding and analyzing their behaviours remains a significant challenge. To this end, many efforts have been made to extract finite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Zeming Wei , Xiyue Zhang , Yihao Zhang , Meng Sun

Temporal logics have been studied as an approach to the specification of hyperproperties, resulting in the conception of "hyperlogics". With a few recent exceptions, the hyperlogics thus far developed can only relate different traces of a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Jens Oliver Gutsfeld , Arne Meier , Christoph Ohrem , Jonni Virtema

Indexed languages are a classical notion in formal language theory, which has attracted attention in recent decades due to its role in higher-order model checking: They are precisely the languages accepted by order-2 pushdown automata. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Richard Mandel , Corto Mascle , Georg Zetzsche

Researchers have relegated natural language processing tasks to Transformer-type models, particularly generative models, because these models exhibit high versatility when performing generation and classification tasks. As the size of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Fabio Yáñez-Romero , Andrés Montoyo , Armando Suárez , Yoan Gutiérrez , Ruslan Mitkov

Prompting and fine-tuning have emerged as two competing paradigms for augmenting language models with new capabilities, such as the use of tools. Prompting approaches are quick to set up but rely on providing explicit demonstrations of each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Damien de Mijolla , Wen Yang , Philippa Duckett , Christopher Frye , Mark Worrall

We follow language theoretic approach to synchronizing automata and \v{C}ern\'{y}'s conjecture initiated in a series of recent papers. We find a precise lower bound for the reset complexity of a principal ideal languages. Also we show a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-23 Marina Maslennikova , Emanuele Rodaro

Recent work on using natural language to specify commands to robots has grounded that language to LTL. However, mapping natural language task specifications to LTL task specifications using language models require probability distributions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Eric Hsiung , Hiloni Mehta , Junchi Chu , Xinyu Liu , Roma Patel , Stefanie Tellex , George Konidaris

We establish a Myhill-Nerode type theorem for higher-dimensional automata (HDAs), stating that a language is regular if and only if it has finite prefix quotient. HDAs extend standard automata with additional structure, making it possible…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Uli Fahrenberg , Krzysztof Ziemiański

Context-free S grammars are introduced, for arbitrary (storage) type S, as a uniform framework for recursion-based grammars, automata, and transducers, viewed as programs. To each occurrence of a nonterminal of a context-free S grammar an…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-05 Joost Engelfriet

Progress on many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, such as text classification, is driven by objective, reproducible and scalable evaluation via publicly available benchmarks. However, these are not always representative of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Viktor Schlegel , Erick Mendez-Guzman , Riza Batista-Navarro

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have achieved tremendous success in sequential data processing. However, it is quite challenging to interpret and verify RNNs' behaviors directly. To this end, many efforts have been made to extract finite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Zeming Wei , Xiyue Zhang , Meng Sun

This paper presents a framework towards prompting multi-robot teams with high-level tasks using natural language expressions. Our objective is to use the reasoning capabilities demonstrated by recent language models in understanding and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nicolas Pfitzer , Eduardo Sebastián , Ajay Shankar , Amanda Prorok

The syntactic complexity of a regular language is the cardinality of its syntactic semigroup. The syntactic complexity of a subclass of regular languages is the maximal syntactic complexity of languages in that subclass, taken as a function…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-09-16 Janusz Brzozowski , Baiyu Li

Analogous to regular string and tree languages, regular languages of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are defined in the literature. Although called regular, those DAG-languages are more powerful and, consequently, standard problems have a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yvo Ad Meeres

Modern NLP breakthrough includes large multilingual models capable of performing tasks across more than 100 languages. State-of-the-art language models came a long way, starting from the simple one-hot representation of words capable of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Fahim Faisal

Contextual word representations derived from large-scale neural language models are successful across a diverse set of NLP tasks, suggesting that they encode useful and transferable features of language. To shed light on the linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Nelson F. Liu , Matt Gardner , Yonatan Belinkov , Matthew E. Peters , Noah A. Smith

We develop a general framework for the specification and implementation of systems whose executions are words, or partial orders, over an infinite alphabet. As a model of an implementation, we introduce class register automata, a one-way…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-01-10 Benedikt Bollig

Regular synchronization languages can be used to define rational relations of finite words, and to characterize subclasses of rational relations, like automatic or recognizable relations. We provide a systematic study of the decidability of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Christof Löding , Sarah Winter

Natural language provides an accessible and expressive interface to specify long-term tasks for robotic agents. However, non-experts are likely to specify such tasks with high-level instructions, which abstract over specific robot actions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Valts Blukis , Chris Paxton , Dieter Fox , Animesh Garg , Yoav Artzi