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Many music AI models learn a map between music content and human-defined labels. However, many annotations, such as chords, can be naturally expressed within the music modality itself, e.g., as sequences of symbolic notes. This observation…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Junyan Jiang , Daniel Chin , Liwei Lin , Xuanjie Liu , Gus Xia

Music auto-tagging is often handled in a similar manner to image classification by regarding the 2D audio spectrogram as image data. However, music auto-tagging is distinguished from image classification in that the tags are highly diverse…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-02 Jongpil Lee , Juhan Nam

We explore the use of a neural network inspired by predictive coding for modeling human music perception. This network was developed based on the computational neuroscience theory of recurrent interactions in the hierarchical visual cortex.…

A commonly-cited reason for the poor performance of automatic chord estimation (ACE) systems within music information retrieval (MIR) is that non-chord tones (i.e., notes outside the supporting harmony) contribute to error during the…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Tianxue Hu , Claire Arthur

The assessment of music performances in most cases takes into account the underlying musical score being performed. While there have been several automatic approaches for objective music performance assessment (MPA) based on extracted…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-04 Jiawen Huang , Yun-Ning Hung , Ashis Pati , Siddharth Kumar Gururani , Alexander Lerch

Pop music generation has always been an attractive topic for both musicians and scientists for a long time. However, automatically composing pop music with a satisfactory structure is still a challenging issue. In this paper, we propose to…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Xueyao Zhang , Jinchao Zhang , Yao Qiu , Li Wang , Jie Zhou

This paper studies the prediction of chord progressions for jazz music by relying on machine learning models. The motivation of our study comes from the recent success of neural networks for performing automatic music composition. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Tristan Carsault , Andrew McLeod , Philippe Esling , Jérôme Nika , Eita Nakamura , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

The analysis of the structure of musical pieces is a task that remains a challenge for Artificial Intelligence, especially in the field of Deep Learning. It requires prior identification of structural boundaries of the music pieces. This…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-02 Carlos Hernandez-Olivan , Jose R. Beltran , David Diaz-Guerra

Performance-score synchronization is an integral task in signal processing, which entails generating an accurate mapping between an audio recording of a performance and the corresponding musical score. Traditional synchronization methods…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Ruchit Agrawal , Daniel Wolff , Simon Dixon

Automatic music transcription converts audio recordings into symbolic representations, facilitating music analysis, retrieval, and generation. A musical note is characterized by pitch, onset, and offset in an audio domain, whereas it is…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Leekyung Kim , Sungwook Jeon , Wan Heo , Jonghun Park

Automatic Music Transcription (AMT), aiming to get musical notes from raw audio, typically uses frame-level systems with piano-roll outputs or language model (LM)-based systems with note-level predictions. However, frame-level systems…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Dichucheng Li , Yongyi Zang , Qiuqiang Kong

In addressing the challenge of interpretability and generalizability of artificial music intelligence, this paper introduces a novel symbolic representation that amalgamates both explicit and implicit musical information across diverse…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yikai Qian , Tianle Wang , Xinyi Tong , Xin Jin , Duo Xu , Bo Zheng , Tiezheng Ge , Feng Yu , Song-Chun Zhu

Musical features and descriptors could be coarsely divided into three levels of complexity. The bottom level contains the basic building blocks of music, e.g., chords, beats and timbre. The middle level contains concepts that emerge from…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Anna Aljanaki , Mohammad Soleymani

In this paper we introduce a novel feature augmentation approach for generating structured musical compositions comprising melodies and harmonies. The proposed method augments a connectionist generation model with count-down to song…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-23 Shakeel Raja

High-dimensional data must be highly structured to be learnable. Although the compositional and hierarchical nature of data is often put forward to explain learnability, quantitative measurements establishing these properties are scarce.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-04 Antonio Sclocchi , Alessandro Favero , Noam Itzhak Levi , Matthieu Wyart

This paper addresses the problem of sheet-image-based on-line audio-to-score alignment also known as score following. Drawing inspiration from object detection, a conditional neural network architecture is proposed that directly predicts…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Florian Henkel , Gerhard Widmer

Music structure analysis (MSA) systems aim to segment a song recording into non-overlapping sections with useful labels. Previous MSA systems typically predict abstract labels in a post-processing step and require the full context of the…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Ju-Chiang Wang , Jordan B. L. Smith , Yun-Ning Hung

Most work on musical score models (a.k.a. musical language models) for music transcription has focused on describing the local sequential dependence of notes in musical scores and failed to capture their global repetitive structure, which…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Eita Nakamura , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

Recently, symbolic music generation has become a focus of numerous deep learning research. Structure as an important part of music, contributes to improving the quality of music, and an increasing number of works start to study the…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yishan Lv , Jing Luo , Boyuan Ju , Xinyu Yang

Chord recognition systems typically comprise an acoustic model that predicts chords for each audio frame, and a temporal model that casts these predictions into labelled chord segments. However, temporal models have been shown to only…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-08-17 Filip Korzeniowski , Gerhard Widmer