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Protecting the confidentiality of private data and using it for useful collaboration have long been at odds. Modern cryptography is bridging this gap through rapid growth in secure protocols such as multi-party computation,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Maximilian Zinkus , Yinzhi Cao , Matthew Green

Split Learning (SL) -- splits a model into two distinct parts to help protect client data while enhancing Machine Learning (ML) processes. Though promising, SL has proven vulnerable to different attacks, thus raising concerns about how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Tanveer Khan , Mindaugas Budzys , Antonis Michalas

Recent advances in neural network based language models lead to successful deployments of such models, improving user experience in various applications. It has been demonstrated that strong performance of language models comes along with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Huseyin A. Inan , Osman Ramadan , Lukas Wutschitz , Daniel Jones , Victor Rühle , James Withers , Robert Sim

Federated learning (FL) provides a variety of privacy advantages by allowing clients to collaboratively train a model without sharing their private data. However, recent studies have shown that private information can still be leaked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Yue Cui , Syed Irfan Ali Meerza , Zhuohang Li , Luyang Liu , Jiaxin Zhang , Jian Liu

Privacy-preserving machine learning has become a key conundrum for multi-party artificial intelligence. Federated learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) are two frameworks that enable collaborative learning while keeping the data private (on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Frédéric Berdoz , Abhishek Singh , Martin Jaggi , Ramesh Raskar

Split learning (SL) aims to protect user data privacy by distributing deep models between client-server and keeping private data locally. Only processed or `smashed' data can be transmitted from the clients to the server during the SL…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Ngoc Duy Pham , Khoa Tran Phan , Naveen Chilamkurti

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a method to preserve privacy in collaborative distributed learning. In FL, clients train AI models directly on their devices rather than sharing data with a centralized server, which can pose privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Haleh Hayati , Carlos Murguia , Nathan van de Wouw

An information-theoretic privacy mechanism design is studied, where an agent observes useful data $Y$ which is correlated with the private data $X$. The agent wants to reveal the information to a user, hence, the agent utilizes a privacy…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Amirreza Zamani , Parastoo Sadeghi , Mikael Skoglund

Federated learning(FL) is an emerging distributed learning paradigm with default client privacy because clients can keep sensitive data on their devices and only share local training parameter updates with the federated server. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Wenqi Wei , Ling Liu , Yanzhao Wu , Gong Su , Arun Iyengar

Real-world data is usually segmented by attributes and distributed across different parties. Federated learning empowers collaborative training without exposing local data or models. As we demonstrate through designed attacks, even with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Shuang Zhang , Liyao Xiang , Xi Yu , Pengzhi Chu , Yingqi Chen , Chen Cen , Li Wang

Across many disciplines, causal inference often relies on randomized experiments with binary outcomes. In such experiments, the Fisher randomization test provides exact, assumption-free tests for causal effects. Sometimes the outcomes are…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-16 Qingyang Sun , Jerome P. Reiter

Machine learning models have been shown to leak information violating the privacy of their training set. We focus on membership inference attacks on machine learning models which aim to determine whether a data point was used to train the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Shadi Rahimian , Tribhuvanesh Orekondy , Mario Fritz

The widespread adoption of smart meters provides access to detailed and localized load consumption data, suitable for training building-level load forecasting models. To mitigate privacy concerns stemming from model-induced data leakage,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Shourya Bose , Yu Zhang , Kibaek Kim

Federated learning has emerged as a prominent privacy-preserving technique for leveraging large-scale distributed datasets by sharing gradients instead of raw data. However, recent studies indicate that private training data can still be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tamer Ahmed Eltaras , Qutaibah Malluhi , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo , Adnan Qayyum

Data splitting preserves privacy by partitioning data into various fragments to be stored remotely and shared. It supports most data operations because data can be stored in clear as opposed to methods that rely on cryptography. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Randolph Loh , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

In this paper, shifts are introduced to preserve model privacy against an eavesdropper in federated learning. Model learning is treated as a parameter estimation problem. This perspective allows us to derive the Fisher Information matrix of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Nomaan A. Kherani , Urbashi Mitra

Recently, recommender systems have achieved promising performances and become one of the most widely used web applications. However, recommender systems are often trained on highly sensitive user data, thus potential data leakage from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Minxing Zhang , Zhaochun Ren , Zihan Wang , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Pengfei Hu , Yang Zhang

Frequent metering of electricity consumption is crucial for demand side management in smart grids. However, metered data can be processed fairly easily by employing well-established nonintrusive appliance load monitoring techniques to infer…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-08 Cihan Emre Kement , Marija Ilic , Hakan Gultekin , Cihan Tugrul Cicek , Bulent Tavli

Many statistical models require an estimation of unknown (co)-variance parameter(s) in a model. The estimation usually obtained by maximizing a log-likelihood which involves log determinant terms. In principle, one requires the…

Computation · Statistics 2016-09-05 Shengxin Zhu , Tongxiang Gu , Xiaowen Xu , Zeyao Mo

Federated learning (FL) has been widely regarded as a promising paradigm for privacy preservation of raw data in machine learning. Although, the data privacy in FL is locally protected to some extent, it is still a desideratum to enhance…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Yifan Wang , Xianghui Cao , Shi Jin , Mo-Yuen Chow