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Scenario-based testing is becoming increasingly important in safety assurance for automated driving. However, comprehensive and sufficiently complete coverage of the scenario space requires significant effort and resources if using only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Christoph Glasmacher , Michael Schuldes , Hendrik Weber , Nicolas Wagener , Lutz Eckstein

Scenario-Based Programming is a methodology for modeling and constructing complex reactive systems from simple, stand-alone building blocks, called scenarios. These scenarios are designed to model different traits of the system, and can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Guy Katz , Assaf Marron , Aviran Sadon , Gera Weiss

To test automated driving systems, we present a case study for finding critical scenarios in driving environments guided by formal specifications. To that aim, we devise a framework for critical scenario identification, which we base on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-10 Adam Molin , Edgar A. Aguilar , Dejan Ničković , Mengjia Zhu , Alberto Bemporad , Hasan Esen

Extracting interesting scenarios from real-world data as well as generating failure cases is important for the development and testing of autonomous systems. We propose efficient mechanisms to both characterize and generate testing…

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles requires virtual scenario-based testing, which depends on the robust evaluation and generation of safety-critical scenarios. So far, researchers have used scenario-based testing frameworks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yuan Gao , Mattia Piccinini , Korbinian Moller , Amr Alanwar , Johannes Betz

For autonomous vehicles, safe navigation in complex environments depends on handling a broad range of diverse and rare driving scenarios. Simulation- and scenario-based testing have emerged as key approaches to development and validation of…

Testing is essential for verifying and validating control designs, especially in safety-critical applications. In particular, the control system governing an automated driving vehicle must be proven reliable enough for its acceptance on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-11 Mengjia Zhu , Alberto Bemporad , Maximilian Kneissl , Hasan Esen

Scenario-based development and test processes are a promising approach for verifying and validating automated driving functions. For this purpose, scenarios have to be generated during the development process in a traceable manner. In early…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Till Menzel , Gerrit Bagschik , Leon Isensee , Andre Schomburg , Markus Maurer

Establishing trustworthy safety assurance for autonomous driving systems (ADSs) requires evidence that failures arise from avoidable system deficiencies rather than unavoidable traffic conflicts. Current adversarial simulation methods can…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yizhuo Xiao , Haotian Yan , Ying Wang , Zhongpan Zhu , Yuxin Zhang , Xintao Yan , Mustafa Suphi Erden , Cheng Wang

Several scenario-based frameworks exist to aid in vehicle system development and safety assurance. However, there is a need for approaches that combine different types of datasets that offer varying levels of case severity, data richness,…

Scenario-based testing is considered state-of-the-art for verifying and validating Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs) and Automated Driving Systems (ADSs). However, the practical application of scenario-based testing requires an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Joshua Ransiek , Johannes Plaum , Jacob Langner , Eric Sax

Safety-critical scenarios are central to evaluating autonomous driving systems, yet their rarity in naturalistic logs makes simulation-based stress testing indispensable. Most scenario generation methods treat surrounding agents as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Qiyu Ruan , Yuxuan Wang , He Li , Zhenning Li , Cheng-zhong Xu

Safety-critical scenarios are essential for the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) but are rare in real-world driving data. While simulation offers a way to generate such scenarios, manually designed test cases lack scalability, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Zimu Gong , Brian Zhaoning Zhang , Chris Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Raquel Urtasun

Ensuring the safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) remains a critical challenge, as traditional verification methods such as large-scale on-road testing are prohibitively costly and time-consuming.To address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ji Zhou , Yongqi Zhao , Yixian Hu , Hexuan Li , Zhengguo Gu , Nan Xu , Arno Eichberger

Testing and evaluation is a critical step in the development and deployment of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), and yet there is no systematic framework to generate testing scenario library. This study aims to provide a general…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Shuo Feng , Yiheng Feng , Chunhui Yu , Yi Zhang , Henry X. Liu

The increase in complexity of autonomous systems is accompanied by a need of data-driven development and validation strategies. Advances in computer graphics and cloud clusters have opened the way to massive parallel high fidelity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Osama Maqbool , Jürgen Roßmann

Machine learning based autonomous driving systems often face challenges with safety-critical scenarios that are rare in real-world data, hindering their large-scale deployment. While increasing real-world training data coverage could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Yuan Yin , Pegah Khayatan , Éloi Zablocki , Alexandre Boulch , Matthieu Cord

Autonomous vehicles have the potential to lower the accident rate when compared to human driving. Moreover, it is the driving force of the automated vehicles' rapid development over the last few years. In the higher Society of Automotive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Dhanoop Karunakaran , Julie Stephany Berrio , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot

The rapidly evolving field of autonomous driving systems (ADSs) is full of promise. However, in order to fulfil these promises, ADSs need to be safe in all circumstances. This paper introduces ISS-Scenario, an autonomous driving testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Renjue Li , Tianhang Qin , Cas Widdershoven

This paper introduces CRITICAL, a novel closed-loop framework for autonomous vehicle (AV) training and testing. CRITICAL stands out for its ability to generate diverse scenarios, focusing on critical driving situations that target specific…