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We present three very simple variants of the classic Heads or Tails game using chips, each of which contributes to our understanding of the Bitcoin protocol. The first variant addresses the issue of temporary Bitcoin forks, which occur when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Cyril Grunspan , Ricardo Perez-Marco

In this work, after given the definition of soft sets and their basic operations we define two person soft games which can apply to problems contain vagueness and uncertainty. We then give four solution methods of the games which are soft…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-07-10 Naim Çağman , İrfan Deli

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) drive the prosperity of the Web3 ecosystem. By November 2023, the total market value of NFT projects reached approximately 16 billion USD. Accompanying the success of NFTs are various security issues, i.e.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Kai Ma , Jintao Huang , Ningyu He , Zhuo Wang , Haoyu Wang

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in games on graphs within the research community, fueled by their relevance in applications such as economics, politics, and epidemiology. This paper aims to comprehensively detail the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Christian Giannetti

NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) are blockchain-based cryptographic tokens to represent ownership of unique content such as images, videos, or 3D objects. Despite NFTs' increasing popularity and skyrocketing trading prices, little is known about…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Tanusree Sharma , Zhixuan Zhou , Yun Huang , Yang Wang

It is known that a player in a noncooperative game can benefit by publicly restricting his possible moves before play begins. We show that, more generally, a player may benefit by publicly committing to pay an external party an amount that…

General Economics · Economics 2024-01-05 James W. Bono , David H. Wolpert

In the evolving landscape of digital art, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have emerged as a groundbreaking platform, bridging the realms of art and technology. NFTs serve as the foundational framework that has revolutionized the market for…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Vivian Ziemke , Benjamin Estermann , Roger Wattenhofer , Ye Wang

We introduce a new family of one-player games, involving the movement of coins from one configuration to another. Moves are restricted so that a coin can be placed only in a position that is adjacent to at least two other coins. The goal of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Helena A. Verrill

By investigating nonfungible tokens (NFTs), we provide the first systematic study of retail investor behavior through asset bubbles. Given that NFTs are recorded in public blockchains, we are able to track investor behavior over time,…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-13 Andrea Barbon , Angelo Ranaldo

Quantum phenomena have remained largely inaccessible to the general public. This can be attributed to the fact that we do not experience quantum mechanics on a tangible level in our daily lives. Games can provide an environment in which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-12 Christopher Cantwell

A non-fungible token (NFT) market is a new trading invention based on the blockchain technology which parallels the cryptocurrency market. In the present work we study capitalization, floor price, the number of transactions, the…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-17 Paweł Szydło , Marcin Wątorek , Jarosław Kwapień , Stanisław Drożdż

Blockchain is a technology that is often used to share data and assets. However, in the decentralized ecosystem, blockchain-based systems can be utilized to share information and assets without the traditional barriers associated with solo…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Viktor Valaštín , Roman Bitarovský , Kristián Košťál , Ivan Kotuliak

Main papers on quantum games are written by physicists for physicists, and the inevitable exploitation of physics jargon may create difficulties for mathematicians or economists. Our goal here is to make clear the physical content and to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-11 Vassili Kolokoltsov

Quantum generalizations of conventional games broaden the range of available strategies, which can help improve outcomes for the participants. With many players, such quantum games can involve entanglement among many states which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-06 Kay-Yut Chen , Tad Hogg , Raymond Beausoleil

Blockchain is a new technological approach that has gained popularity on the market due to its application in several areas such as education, health, security, and smart cities, among others. However, understanding how blockchain works is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Diogo Cortiz , Newton Calegari , Fabiana Oliveira , Daniel Couto Gatti

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are a type of digital asset that represents a proof of ownership over a particular digital item such as art, music, or real estate. Due to the non-fungible nature of NFTs, duplicate tokens should not possess the…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Samrat Sahoo , Nitin Paul , Agam Shah , Andrew Hornback , Sudheer Chava

We investigate how a blockchain can distill the collective belief of its nodes regarding the trustworthiness of a (sub)set of nodes into a {\em reputation system} that reflects the probability of correctly performing a task. To address this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Petros Drineas , Rohit Nema , Rafail Ostrovsky , Vassilis Zikas

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are unique digital items with blockchain managed ownership. Ethereum blockchain based smart contract created the environment for NFTs (ERC721) to reach its one of the most important future application domains. Non…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Prakhyat Khati

The Non-Fungible Token (NFT) market in the Ethereum blockchain experienced explosive growth in 2021, with a monthly trade volume reaching \$6 billion in January 2022. However, concerns have emerged about possible wash trading, a form of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Massimo La Morgia , Alessandro Mei , Alberto Maria Mongardini , Eugenio Nerio Nemmi

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which are immutable and transferable tokens on blockchain networks, have been used to certify the ownership of digital images often grouped in collections. Depending on individual interests, wallets explore and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-01-19 Seonbin Jo , Woo-Sung Jung , Hyunuk Kim