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Efficient benchmarking techniques aim to lower the computational cost of evaluating LLMs by predicting full benchmark scores using only a subset of a benchmark's questions. By reframing this problem as an instance of multiple regression…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Sam Bowyer , Acyr Locatelli , Kris Cao

Evaluating LLMs and text-to-image models is a computationally intensive task often overlooked. Efficient evaluation is crucial for understanding the diverse capabilities of these models and enabling comparisons across a growing number of…

Current literature on radiology report evaluation has focused primarily on designing LLM-based metrics and fine-tuning small models for chest X-rays. However, it remains unclear whether these approaches are robust when applied to reports…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Federica Bologna , Jean-Philippe Corbeil , Matthew Wilkens , Asma Ben Abacha

Limited computational budgets often prevent transformers from being used in production and from having their high accuracy utilized. A knowledge distillation approach addresses the computational efficiency by self-distilling BERT into a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Shira Guskin , Moshe Wasserblat , Chang Wang , Haihao Shen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced code generation efficiency, they face inherent challenges in balancing performance and inference costs across diverse programming tasks. Dynamically selecting the optimal LLM…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Junhang Cheng , Fang Liu , Chengru Wu , Li Zhang

The field of Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) has gained significant attention due to its potential to enable intelligent applications on resource-constrained devices. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the advancements in efficient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-21 Minh Tri Lê , Pierre Wolinski , Julyan Arbel

Transformer architectures based on the attention mechanism have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), driving major breakthroughs across virtually every NLP task. However, their substantial memory and computational requirements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Riccardo Bravin , Massimo Pavan , Hazem Hesham Yousef Shalby , Fabrizio Pittorino , Manuel Roveri

The computational cost of training multimodal large language models (MLLMs) grows rapidly with the number of processed tokens. Existing efficiency methods mainly target inference via token reduction or merging, offering limited benefits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Chaoyu Li , Yogesh Kulkarni , Pooyan Fazli

Limited computational budgets often prevent transformers from being used in production and from having their high accuracy utilized. TinyBERT addresses the computational efficiency by self-distilling BERT into a smaller transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Shira Guskin , Moshe Wasserblat , Ke Ding , Gyuwan Kim

This paper describes a memory-efficient transformer model designed to drive a reduction in memory usage and execution time by substantial orders of magnitude without impairing the model's performance near that of the original model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Krisvarish V , Priyadarshini T , K P Abhishek Sri Saai , Vaidehi Vijayakumar

This paper introduces EdgeProfiler, a fast profiling framework designed for evaluating lightweight Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge systems. While LLMs offer remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Alyssa Pinnock , Shakya Jayakody , Kawsher A Roxy , Md Rubel Ahmed

Hybrid models that combine convolutional and transformer blocks offer strong performance in computer vision (CV) tasks but are resource-intensive for edge deployment. Although post-training quantization (PTQ) can help reduce resource…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Shaibal Saha , Lanyu Xu

The rapid deployment of machine learning across platforms from milliwatt-class TinyML devices to large language models has made energy efficiency a primary constraint for sustainable AI. Across these scales, performance and energy are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Mohammad Saleh Vahdatpour , Yanqing Zhang

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of lightweight deep learning models for image classification, emphasizing their suitability for deployment in resource-constrained environments such as low-memory devices. Five state-of-the-art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Tasnim Shahriar

Transformers are set to become ubiquitous with applications ranging from chatbots and educational assistants to visual recognition and remote sensing. However, their increasing computational and memory demands is resulting in growing energy…

Recent developments in machine translation and multilingual text generation have led researchers to adopt trained metrics such as COMET or BLEURT, which treat evaluation as a regression problem and use representations from multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Amy Pu , Hyung Won Chung , Ankur P. Parikh , Sebastian Gehrmann , Thibault Sellam

Small Language Models (SLMs) offer computational efficiency and accessibility, yet a systematic evaluation of their performance and environmental impact remains lacking. We introduce SLM-Bench, the first benchmark specifically designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Nghiem Thanh Pham , Tung Kieu , Duc-Manh Nguyen , Son Ha Xuan , Nghia Duong-Trung , Danh Le-Phuoc

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success as model sizes continue to grow, yet their deployment remains challenging due to significant computational and memory demands. Quantization has emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yu Zhang , Mingzi Wang , Lancheng Zou , Wulong Liu , Hui-Ling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications, yet their deployment remains challenging due to substantial computational costs, memory requirements, and energy consumption. Recent empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaito Tanaka , Masato Ito , Yuji Nishimura , Keisuke Matsuda , Aya Nakayama

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) in diverse and challenging scenarios is essential to align them with human preferences. To mitigate the prohibitive costs associated with human evaluations, utilizing a powerful LLM as a judge has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Tianjun Wei , Wei Wen , Ruizhi Qiao , Xing Sun , Jianghong Ma