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The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov experiment (HAWC) observatory is located 4100 meters above sea level. HAWC is able to detect secondary particles from extensive air showers (EAS) initiated in the interaction of a primary particle (either a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 E. Bourbeau , T. Capistrán , I. Torres , E. Moreno

Recently, ground-based very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray astronomy achieved a remarkable advancement in the development of the observational technique for the registration and study of gamma-ray emission above 100 GeV. Construction of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-08-30 A. Konopelko , J. P. Finley , G. Urbanski

Extensive airshower detection is an important issue in current astrophysics endeavours. Surface arrays detectors are a common practice since they are easy to handle and have a 100% duty cycle. In this work we present an experimental study…

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) are two leading instruments in the ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray domain. HAWC employs the water Cherenkov detection (WCD)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-09 H. Abdalla , F. Aharonian , F. Ait Benkhali , E. O. Angüner , C. Arcaro , C. Armand , T. Armstrong , H. Ashkar , M. Backes , V. Baghmanyan , V. Barbosa Martins , A. Barnacka , M. Barnard , Y. Becherini , D. Berge , K. Bernlöhr , B. Bi , M. Böttcher , C. Boisson , J. Bolmont , M. de Bony de Lavergne , M. Breuhaus , R. Brose , F. Brun , P. Brun , M. Bryan , M. Büchele , T. Bulik , T. Bylund , S. Caroff , A. Carosi , T. Chand , S. Chandra , A. Chen , G. Cotter , M. Curyło , J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye , I. D. Davids , J. Davies , C. Deil , J. Devin , L. Dirson , A. Djannati-Ataï , A. Dmytriiev , A. Donath , V. Doroshenko , L. Dreyer , C. Duffy , J. Dyks , K. Egberts , F. Eichhorn , S. Einecke , G. Emery , J. -P. Ernenwein , K. Feijen , S. Fegan , A. Fiasson , G. Fichet de Clairfontaine , G. Fontaine , S. Funk , M. Füßling , S. Gabici , Y. A. Gallant , G. Giavitto , L. Giunti , D. Glawion , J. F. Glicenstein , D. Gottschall , M. -H. Grondin , J. Hahn , M. Haupt , G. Hermann , J. A. Hinton , W. Hofmann , C. Hoischen , T. L. Holch , M. Holler , M. Hörbe , D. Horns , D. Huber , M. Jamrozy , D. Jankowsky , F. Jankowsky , I. Jung-Richardt , E. Kasai , M. A. Kastendieck , K. Katarzyński , U. Katz , D. Khangulyan , B. Khélifi , S. Klepser , W. Kluźniak , Nu. Komin , R. Konno , K. Kosack , D. Kostunin , M. Kreter , G. Lamanna , A. Lemière , M. Lemoine-Goumard , J. -P. Lenain , F. Leuschner , C. Levy , T. Lohse , I. Lypova , J. Mackey , J. Majumdar , D. Malyshev , D. Malyshev , V. Marandon , P. Marchegiani , A. Marcowith , A. Mares , G. Martí-Devesa , R. Marx , G. Maurin , P. J. Meintjes , M. Meyer , A. M. W. Mitchell , R. Moderski , L. Mohrmann , A. Montanari , C. Moore , P. Morris , E. Moulin , J. Muller , T. Murach , K. Nakashima , A. Nayerhoda , M. de Naurois , H. Ndiyavala , J. Niemiec , L. Oakes , P. O Brien , H. Odaka , S. Ohm , L. Olivera-Nieto , E. de Ona Wilhelmi , M. Ostrowski , S. Panny , M. Panter , R. D. Parsons , G. Peron , B. Peyaud , Q. Piel , S. Pita , V. Poireau , A. Priyana Noel , D. A. Prokhorov , H. Prokoph , G. Pühlhofer , M. Punch , A. Quirrenbach , S. Raab , R. Rauth , P. Reichherzer , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , Q. Remy , M. Renaud , F. Rieger , L. Rinchiuso , C. Romoli , G. Rowell , B. Rudak , V. Sahakian , S. Sailer , H. Salzmann , D. A. Sanchez , A. Santangelo , M. Sasaki , J. Schäfer , F. Schüssler , H. M. Schutte , U. Schwanke , M. Seglar-Arroyo , M. Senniappan , A. S. Seyffert , N. Shafi , J. N. S. Shapopi , K. Shiningayamwe , R. Simoni , A. Sinha , H. Sol , A. Specovius , S. Spencer , M. Spir-Jacob , Ł. Stawarz , L. Sun , R. Steenkamp , C. Stegmann , S. Steinmassl , C. Steppa , T. Takahashi , T. Tavernier , A. M. Taylor , R. Terrier , J. H. E. Thiersen , D. Tiziani , M. Tluczykont , L. Tomankova , C. Trichard , M. Tsirou , R. Tuffs , Y. Uchiyama , D. J. van der Walt , C. van Eldik , C. van Rensburg , B. van Soelen , G. Vasileiadis , J. Veh , C. Venter , P. Vincent , J. Vink , H. J. Völk , Z. Wadiasingh , S. J. Wagner , J. Watson , F. Werner , R. White , A. Wierzcholska , Yu Wun Wong , A. Yusafzai , M. Zacharias , R. Zanin , D. Zargaryan , A. A. Zdziarski , A. Zech , S. J. Zhu , A. Zmija , J. Zorn , S. Zouari , N. Żywucka , A. Albert , R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , K. P. Arunbabu , D. Avila Rojas , V. Baghmanyan , E. Belmont-Moreno , S. Y. BenZvi , C. Brisbois , K. S. Caballero-Mora , T. Capistrán , A. Carramiñana , S. Casanova , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , S. Coutiño de León , E. De la Fuente , C. de León , R. Diaz Hernandez , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , B. L. Dingus , M. A. DuVernois , M. Durocher , R. W. Ellsworth , K. Engel , C. Espinoza , K. L. Fan , M. Fernández Alonso , N. Fraija , A. Galván-Gámez , D. Garcia , J. A. García-González , F. Garfias , G. Giacinti , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , J. P. Harding , S. Hernandez , B. Hona , D. Huang , F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla , P. Hüntemeyer , A. Iriarte , A. Jardin-Blicq , V. Joshi , D. Kieda , W. H. Lee , H. León Vargas , J. T. Linnemann , A. L. Longinotti , G. Luis-Raya , R. López-Coto , K. Malone , O. Martinez , I. Martinez-Castellanos , J. Martínez-Castro , J. A. Matthews , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , J. A. Morales-Soto , E. Moreno , M. Mostafá , A. Nayerhoda , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , M. U. Nisa , R. Noriega-Papaqui , N. Omodei , A. Peisker , Y. Pérez Araujo , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , C. D. Rho , D. Rosa-González , E. Ruiz-Velasco , F. Salesa Greus , A. Sandoval , M. Schneider , H. Schoorlemmer , J. Serna-Franco , A. J. Smith , R. W. Springer , P. Surajbali , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , R. Torres-Escobedo , R. Turner , F. Ureña-Mena , L. Villaseñor , T. Weisgarber , E. Willox , H. Zhou

We consider a hybrid array composed of scintillation and water Cherenkov detectors designed to measure the cosmic ray primary mass composition at energies of about 1 EeV. We have developed a simulation and reconstruction chain to study the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 Javier G. Gonzalez , Ralph Engel , Markus Roth

The Atmospheric Cherenkov Imaging Technique has opened up the gamma-ray spectrumfrom 100 GeV to 50 TeV to astrophysical exploration. The development of the technique is described as are the basic principles underlying its use. The current…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Trevor C. Weekes

The Compact High Energy Camera (CHEC) is a camera design for the Small-Sized Telescopes (SSTs; 4 m diameter mirror) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The SSTs are focused on very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray detection via atmospheric…

Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) that are sensitive to potential $\gamma$-ray signals from dark matter (DM) annihilation above $\sim50$ GeV will soon be superseded by the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). CTA will have a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-11 Csaba Balázs , Jan Conrad , Ben Farmer , Thomas Jacques , Tong Li , Manuel Meyer , Farinaldo S. Queiroz , Miguel A. Sánchez-Conde

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory project is proposed to study high energy gamma ray astronomy ( 40 GeV-1 PeV ) and cosmic ray physics ( 20 TeV-1 EeV ). The wide field of view Cherenkov telescope array, as a component of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 L. L. Ma , Y. X. Bai , Z. Cao , M. J. Chen , L. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , Y. Chen , K. Q. Ding , H. H. He , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , X. X. Li , X. H. Ma , X. D. Sheng , G. Xiao , M. Zha , S. S. Zhang , Y. Zhang , J. Zhao , B. Zhou

The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory, or HAWC, is carrying out an unbiased survey of cosmic rays and gamma rays from the Northern Hemisphere between 100 GeV and 100 TeV. HAWC is currently the only high-uptime wide-field TeV…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Segev BenZvi

We propose the first method for water Cherenkov detectors to constrain GeV-scale dark matter (DM) below the solar evaporation mass. While previous efforts have highlighted the Sun and Earth as DM capture targets, we demonstrate that Jupiter…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-15 Sandra Robles , Stephan A. Meighen-Berger

Cherenkov detectors have been extensively developed and utilized in various scientific fields, including particle physics, astrophysics, and nuclear engineering. These detectors operate based on Cherenkov radiation, which is emitted when a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-30 Anzori Sh. Georgadze

Modern detectors of cosmic gamma-rays are a special type of imaging telescopes (air Cherenkov telescopes) supplied with cameras with a relatively large number of photomultiplier-based pixels. For example, the camera of the TAIGA-IACT…

The gamma/hadron separation in the imaging air Cherenkov telescope technique is based on differences between images of a hadronic shower and a gamma induced electromagnetic cascade. One may expect for a large telescope that a detection of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Dorota Sobczynska

The HAWC observatory reconstructs atmospheric showers induced by very high-energy primary cosmic- or gamma-rays. Cosmic-rays with hadronic nature are several orders of magnitude more frequent than primary gammas and therefore it is…

The water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) is one of the key detectors in the large high altitude air shower observatory (LHAASO), which is proposed for very high gamma ray source survey. In WCDA, there are more than 3000 photomultiplier…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-26 Shengzhi Zhou , Lei Zhao , Yuxiang Guo , Ruoshi Dong , Boyu Cheng , Jiajun Qin , Sifan Qian , Shubin Liu , Qi An

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is an atmospheric Cherenkov observatory that will image the cosmos in very-high-energy gamma rays. CTA will study the highest-energy particle accelerators in the Universe and potentially confirm the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 J. Vandenbroucke

Large liquid-scintillator-based detectors have proven to be exceptionally effective for low energy neutrino measurements due to their good energy resolution and scalability to large volumes. The addition of directional information using…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-16 C. Aberle , A. Elagin , H. J. Frisch , M. Wetstein , L. Winslow

GAW proposes a new approach for the detection and measurement of the Cherenkov light produced by GeV/TeV gamma rays traversing the Earth atmosphere which imposes specific requirements on the electronics design. The focal surface of the GAW…

We describe measurements of GeV and TeV cosmic rays with the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-Ray Observatory, or HAWC. The measurements include the observation of the shadow of the moon; the observation of small-scale and large-scale…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-10-02 HAWC Collaboration , A. U. Abeysekara , R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , J. D. Álvarez , R. Arceo , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , H. A. Ayala Solares , A. S. Barber , B. M. Baughman , N. Bautista-Elivar , E. Belmont , S. Y. BenZvi , D. Berley , M. Bonilla Rosales , J. Braun , R. A. Caballero-Lopez , K. S. Caballero-Mora , A. Carramiñana , M. Castillo , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , E. de la Fuente , C. De León , T. DeYoung , R. Diaz Hernandez , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , B. L. Dingus , M. A. DuVernois , R. W. Ellsworth , A. Fernandez , D. W. Fiorino , N. Fraija , A. Galindo , F. Garfias , L. X. González , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , V. Grabski , M. Gussert , Z. Hampel-Arias , C. M. Hui , P. Hüntemeyer , A. Imran , A. Iriarte , P. Karn , D. Kieda , G. J. Kunde , A. Lara , R. J. Lauer , W. H. Lee , D. Lennarz , H. León Vargas , E. C. Linares , J. T. Linnemann , M. Longo , R. Luna-GarcIa , A. Marinelli , H. Martinez , O. Martinez , J. Martínez-Castro , J. A. J. Matthews , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , E. Moreno , M. Mostafá , J. Nava , L. Nellen , M. Newbold , R. Noriega-Papaqui , T. Oceguera-Becerra , B. Patricelli , R. Pelayo , E. G. Pérez-Pérez , J. Pretz , C. Rivière , D. Rosa-González , H. Salazar , F. Salesa , F. E. Sanchez , A. Sandoval , E. Santos , M. Schneider , S. Silich , G. Sinnis , A. J. Smith , K. Sparks , R. W. Springer , I. Taboada , P. A. Toale , K. Tollefson , I. Torres , T. N. Ukwatta , L. Villaseñor , T. Weisgarber , S. Westerhoff , I. G. Wisher , J. Wood , G. B. Yodh , P. W. Younk , D. Zaborov , A. Zepeda , H. Zhou