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Perturbation-based post-hoc image explanation methods are commonly used to explain image prediction models. These methods perturb parts of the input to measure how those parts affect the output. Since the methods only require the input and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Gustav Grund Pihlgren , Kary Främling

As the complexity of 3D digital content grows exponentially, understanding human visual attention is critical for optimizing rendering and processing resources. Therefore, reliable 3D mesh saliency ground truth (GT) is essential for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Guoquan Zheng , Jie Hao , Huiyu Duan , Long Tang , Shuo Yang , Yucheng Zhu , Yongming Han , Liang Yuan , Patrick Le Callet , Guangtao Zhai

Most Relevant Explanation (MRE) is a method for finding multivariate explanations for given evidence in Bayesian networks [12]. This paper studies the theoretical properties of MRE and develops an algorithm for finding multiple top MRE…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Changhe Yuan , Xiaolu Liu , Tsai-Ching Lu , Heejin Lim

Explaining deep convolutional neural networks has been recently drawing increasing attention since it helps to understand the networks' internal operations and why they make certain decisions. Saliency maps, which emphasize salient regions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Quan Zheng , Ziwei Wang , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Improving existing neural network architectures can involve several design choices such as manipulating the loss functions, employing a diverse learning strategy, exploiting gradient evolution at training time, optimizing the network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Danilo Avola , Luigi Cinque , Alessio Fagioli , Gian Luca Foresti

Several interpretability methods for convolutional network-based classifiers exist. Most of these methods focus on extracting saliency maps for a given sample, providing a local explanation that highlights the main regions for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Alejandro Kuratomi , Zed Lee , Guilherme Dinis Chaliane Junior , Tony Lindgren , Diego García Pérez

Bottom-up saliency, an early human visual processing, behaves like binary classification of interest and null hypothesis. Its discriminant power, mutual information of image features and class distribution, is closely related to saliency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-02-05 Anh Cat Le Ngo , Li-Minn Ang , Guoping Qiu , Kah-Phooi Seng

Self-supervised learning holds promise in leveraging large numbers of unlabeled data. However, its success heavily relies on the highly-curated dataset, e.g., ImageNet, which still needs human cleaning. Directly learning representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Meilin Chen , Yizhou Wang , Shixiang Tang , Feng Zhu , Haiyang Yang , Lei Bai , Rui Zhao , Donglian Qi , Wanli Ouyang

Gradient-based saliency methods are widely used to interpret deep neural networks, yet they often produce noisy and unstable explanations that poorly align with semantically meaningful input features. We argue that a fundamental cause of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ali Karkehabadi , Jamshid Hassanpour , Houman Homayoun , Avesta Sasan

Occlusions are a common occurrence in unconstrained face images. Single image 3D reconstruction from such face images often suffers from corruption due to the presence of occlusions. Furthermore, while a plurality of 3D reconstructions is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Rahul Dey , Vishnu Naresh Boddeti

The extensive utilization of biometric authentication systems have emanated attackers / imposters to forge user identity based on morphed images. In this attack, a synthetic image is produced and merged with genuine. Next, the resultant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Rudresh Dwivedi , Ritesh Kumar , Deepak Chopra , Pranay Kothari , Manjot Singh

Saliency maps are widely used for visual explanations in deep learning, but a fundamental lack of consensus persists regarding their intended purpose and alignment with diverse user queries. This ambiguity hinders the effective evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yehonatan Elisha , Seffi Cohen , Oren Barkan , Noam Koenigstein

Recently, face recognition systems have demonstrated remarkable performances and thus gained a vital role in our daily life. They already surpass human face verification accountability in many scenarios. However, they lack explanations for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Martin Knoche , Torben Teepe , Stefan Hörmann , Gerhard Rigoll

Interpretability is a pressing issue for decision systems. Many post hoc methods have been proposed to explain the predictions of a single machine learning model. However, business processes and decision systems are rarely centered around a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Gianluigi Lopardo , Damien Garreau , Frederic Precioso , Greger Ottosson

This paper investigates the role of saliency to improve the classification accuracy of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the case when scarce training data is available. Our approach consists in adding a saliency branch to an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Carola Figueroa Flores , Abel Gonzalez-García , Joost van de Weijer , Bogdan Raducanu

We propose an Ensemble of Robust Constrained Local Models for alignment of faces in the presence of significant occlusions and of any unknown pose and expression. To account for partial occlusions we introduce, Robust Constrained Local…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Vishnu Naresh Boddeti , Myung-Cheol Roh , Jongju Shin , Takaharu Oguri , Takeo Kanade

Recent work in vision-and-language demonstrates that large-scale pretraining can learn generalizable models that are efficiently transferable to downstream tasks. While this may improve dataset-scale aggregate metrics, analyzing performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Eric Slyman , Minsuk Kahng , Stefan Lee

Saliency methods have emerged as a popular tool to highlight features in an input deemed relevant for the prediction of a learned model. Several saliency methods have been proposed, often guided by visual appeal on image data. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Julius Adebayo , Justin Gilmer , Michael Muelly , Ian Goodfellow , Moritz Hardt , Been Kim

A central goal in the cognitive sciences is the development of numerical models for mental representations of object concepts. This paper introduces Variational Interpretable Concept Embeddings (VICE), an approximate Bayesian method for…

Deep neural networks are increasingly employed in high-stakes medical applications, despite their tendency for shortcut learning in the presence of spurious correlations, which can have potentially fatal consequences in practice. Whereas a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Frederik Pahde , Thomas Wiegand , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Wojciech Samek