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Related papers: Concept Embedding Models: Beyond the Accuracy-Expl…

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Concept-based models are an emerging paradigm in deep learning that constrains the inference process to operate through human-interpretable variables, facilitating explainability and human interaction. However, these architectures, on par…

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) offer interpretable alternatives to black-box predictors by introducing human-relatable concepts before the final output. However, existing CBMs struggle to verify whether predicted concepts correspond to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yingying Fang , Haijie Xu , Shuang Wu , Mariathasan Anish , Guang Yang

Deep learning methods are highly accurate, yet their opaque decision process prevents them from earning full human trust. Concept-based models aim to address this issue by learning tasks based on a set of human-understandable concepts.…

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs), which break down the reasoning process into the input-to-concept mapping and the concept-to-label prediction, have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable interpretability achieved by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Qihan Huang , Jie Song , Jingwen Hu , Haofei Zhang , Yong Wang , Mingli Song

The demand for reliable AI systems has intensified the need for interpretable deep neural networks. Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) have gained attention as an effective approach by leveraging human-understandable concepts to enhance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Sangwon Kim , Dasom Ahn , Byoung Chul Ko , In-su Jang , Kwang-Ju Kim

Interpretability and explainability of neural networks is continuously increasing in importance, especially within safety-critical domains and to provide the social right to explanation. Concept based explanations align well with how humans…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Rishabh Jain

The lack of transparency in the decision-making processes of deep learning systems presents a significant challenge in modern artificial intelligence (AI), as it impairs users' ability to rely on and verify these systems. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-18 David Debot , Pietro Barbiero , Francesco Giannini , Gabriele Ciravegna , Michelangelo Diligenti , Giuseppe Marra

Deep learning representations are often difficult to interpret, which can hinder their deployment in sensitive applications. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have emerged as a promising approach to mitigate this issue by learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Antonio Almudévar , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , Alfonso Ortega

Advancements in foundation models (FMs) have led to a paradigm shift in machine learning. The rich, expressive feature representations from these pre-trained, large-scale FMs are leveraged for multiple downstream tasks, usually via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Jihye Choi , Jayaram Raghuram , Yixuan Li , Somesh Jha

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) improve neural network interpretability by introducing an intermediate layer that maps human-understandable concepts to predictions. Recent work has explored the use of vision-language models (VLMs) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xingbo Du , Qiantong Dou , Lei Fan , Rui Zhang

While deep learning models often lack interpretability, concept bottleneck models (CBMs) provide inherent explanations via their concept representations. Moreover, they allow users to perform interventional interactions on these concepts by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 David Steinmann , Wolfgang Stammer , Felix Friedrich , Kristian Kersting

Despite their success, Large-Language Models (LLMs) still face criticism due to their lack of interpretability. Traditional post-hoc interpretation methods, based on attention and gradient-based analysis, offer limited insights as they only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Francesco De Santis , Philippe Bich , Gabriele Ciravegna , Pietro Barbiero , Danilo Giordano , Tania Cerquitelli

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) map the black-box visual representations extracted by deep neural networks onto a set of interpretable concepts and use the concepts to make predictions, enhancing the transparency of the decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Chenming Shang , Shiji Zhou , Hengyuan Zhang , Xinzhe Ni , Yujiu Yang , Yuwang Wang

Interpretable models are designed to make decisions in a human-interpretable manner. Representatively, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBM) follow a two-step process of concept prediction and class prediction based on the predicted concepts. CBM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Eunji Kim , Dahuin Jung , Sangha Park , Siwon Kim , Sungroh Yoon

The concept bottleneck model (CBM) is an interpretable-by-design framework that makes decisions by first predicting a set of interpretable concepts, and then predicting the class label based on the given concepts. Existing CBMs are trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Andong Tan , Fengtao Zhou , Hao Chen

Concept bottleneck models perform classification by first predicting which of a list of human provided concepts are true about a datapoint. Then a downstream model uses these predicted concept labels to predict the target label. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Joshua Lockhart , Nicolas Marchesotti , Daniele Magazzeni , Manuela Veloso

The trade-off between accuracy and interpretability has long been a challenge in machine learning (ML). This tension is particularly significant for emerging interpretable-by-design methods, which aim to redesign ML algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Geyu Liang , Senne Michielssen , Salar Fattahi

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have become a popular approach to enable interpretability in neural networks by constraining classifier inputs to a set of human-understandable concepts. While effective, current models embed concepts in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Daniel Uyterlinde , Swasti Shreya Mishra , Pascal Mettes

In the context of image classification, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) first embed images into a set of human-understandable concepts, followed by an intrinsically interpretable classifier that predicts labels based on these intermediate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Haifei Zhang , Patrick Barry , Eduardo Brandao

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) ground predictions in human-understandable concepts but face fundamental limitations: the absence of a metric to pre-evaluate concept relevance, the "linearity problem" causing recent CBMs to bypass the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Merve Tapli , Quentin Bouniot , Wolfgang Stammer , Zeynep Akata , Emre Akbas