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This paper studies the generalization bounds for the empirical saddle point (ESP) solution to stochastic saddle point (SSP) problems. For SSP with Lipschitz continuous and strongly convex-strongly concave objective functions, we establish…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-04 Junyu Zhang , Mingyi Hong , Mengdi Wang , Shuzhong Zhang

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is one of the simplest and most popular stochastic optimization methods. While it has already been theoretically studied for decades, the classical analysis usually required non-trivial smoothness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-01 Ohad Shamir , Tong Zhang

This paper explores the connection between learning trajectories of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and their generalization capabilities when optimized using (stochastic) gradient descent algorithms. Instead of concentrating solely on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jingwen Fu , Zhizheng Zhang , Dacheng Yin , Yan Lu , Nanning Zheng

We study problem-dependent rates, i.e., generalization errors that scale near-optimally with the variance, the effective loss, or the gradient norms evaluated at the "best hypothesis." We introduce a principled framework dubbed "uniform…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-25 Yunbei Xu , Assaf Zeevi

We provide the first generalization error analysis for black-box learning through derivative-free optimization. Under the assumption of a Lipschitz and smooth unknown loss, we consider the Zeroth-order Stochastic Search (ZoSS) algorithm,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Konstantinos E. Nikolakakis , Farzin Haddadpour , Dionysios S. Kalogerias , Amin Karbasi

Understanding the generalization properties of optimization algorithms under heavy-tailed noise has gained growing attention. However, the existing theoretical results mainly focus on stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and the analysis of…

An important question in deep learning is how higher-order optimization methods affect generalization. In this work, we analyze a stochastic Gauss-Newton (SGN) method with Levenberg-Marquardt damping and mini-batch sampling for training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Semih Cayci

We establish disintegrated PAC-Bayesian generalisation bounds for models trained with gradient descent methods or continuous gradient flows. Contrary to standard practice in the PAC-Bayesian setting, our result applies to optimisation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-12 Eugenio Clerico , Tyler Farghly , George Deligiannidis , Benjamin Guedj , Arnaud Doucet

In this paper, we examine the time it takes for stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to reach the global minimum of a general, non-convex loss function. We approach this question through the lens of randomly perturbed dynamical systems and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Waïss Azizian , Franck Iutzeler , Jérôme Malick , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

Large-scale nonconvex optimization problems are ubiquitous in modern machine learning, and among practitioners interested in solving them, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) reigns supreme. We revisit the analysis of SGD in the nonconvex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-27 Ahmed Khaled , Peter Richtárik

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is widely used in machine learning research. Previous convergence analyses of SGD under the vanishing step-size setting typically require Robbins-Monro conditions. However, in practice, a wider variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Ruinan Jin , Difei Cheng , Hong Qiao , Xin Shi , Shaodong Liu , Bo Zhang

We propose a novel approach to analyze generalization error for discretizations of Langevin diffusion, such as the stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD). For an $\epsilon$ tolerance of expected generalization error, it is known that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-15 Mufan Bill Li , Maxime Gazeau

When using stochastic gradient descent to solve large-scale machine learning problems, a common practice of data processing is to shuffle the training data, partition the data across multiple machines if needed, and then perform several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-02 Qi Meng , Wei Chen , Yue Wang , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu

While significant theoretical progress has been achieved, unveiling the generalization mystery of overparameterized neural networks still remains largely elusive. In this paper, we study the generalization behavior of shallow neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Yunwen Lei , Rong Jin , Yiming Ying

This article examines the implicit regularization effect of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). We consider the case of SGD without replacement, the variant typically used to optimize large-scale neural networks. We analyze this algorithm in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Pierfrancesco Beneventano

Algorithmic stability is among the most potent techniques in generalization analysis. However, its derivation usually requires a stepsize $\eta_t = \mathcal{O}(1/t)$ under non-convex training regimes, where $t$ denotes iterations. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Wenquan Ma , Yang Sui , Jiaye Teng , Bohan Wang , Jing Xu , Jingqin Yang

We consider linear prediction with a convex Lipschitz loss, or more generally, stochastic convex optimization problems of generalized linear form, i.e.~where each instantaneous loss is a scalar convex function of a linear function. We show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Idan Amir , Roi Livni , Nathan Srebro

This paper studies the algorithmic stability and generalizability of decentralized stochastic gradient descent (D-SGD). We prove that the consensus model learned by D-SGD is $\mathcal{O}{(N^{-1}+m^{-1} +\lambda^2)}$-stable in expectation in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Tongtian Zhu , Fengxiang He , Lan Zhang , Zhengyang Niu , Mingli Song , Dacheng Tao

Algorithmic stability is an important notion that has proven powerful for deriving generalization bounds for practical algorithms. The last decade has witnessed an increasing number of stability bounds for different algorithms applied on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-31 Lingjiong Zhu , Mert Gurbuzbalaban , Anant Raj , Umut Simsekli

Stochastic optimization via Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a fundamental problem in statistics and optimization. This paper revisits Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) for strongly convex objectives, establishing tight, uniform-in-time…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Kang Chen , Yasong Feng , Tianyu Wang
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