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It was repeatedly underlined in literature that quantum mechanics cannot be considered a closed theory if the Born Rule is postulated rather than derived from the first principles. In this work the Born Rule is derived from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-09 Aleksey V. Ilyin

Quantum dynamics of the collective mode and individual particles on a ring is studied as the simplest model of projective quantum measurement. In this model, the collective mode measures an individual single quantum system. The heart of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Masahiro Morikawa , Akika Nakamichi

The auxiliary rules of quantum mechanics have always included the Born rule that connects probability with square modulus. This need not be the case, for it is possible to introduce probability into the theory through probability current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard A Mould

In the Bayesian approach to probability theory, probability quantifies a degree of belief for a single trial, without any a priori connection to limiting frequencies. In this paper we show that, despite being prescribed by a fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Carlton M. Caves , Christopher A. Fuchs , Ruediger Schack

Bohmian mechanics represents the universe as a set of paths with a probability measure defined on it. The way in which a mathematical model of this kind can explain the observed phenomena of the universe is examined in general. It is shown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-11-20 Bruno Galvan

We deduce the Born rule. No use is required of quantum postulates. One exploits only rudimentary quantum mathematics--a linear, not Hilbert', vector space--and empirical notion of the statistical length of a state. Its statistical nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-24 Yurii V. Brezhnev

Everettian Quantum Mechanics, or the Many Worlds Interpretation, lacks an explanation for quantum probabilities. We show that the values given by the Born rule equal projection factors, describing the contraction of Lebesgue measures in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-24 André L. G. Mandolesi

The Born Rule plays a critical role in quantum mechanics (QM) since it supplies the link between the mathematical formalism and experimental results in terms of probabilities. The Born Rule does not occur in ordinary probability theory.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 David Ellerman

The possibility to recover the which-way information, for example in the two slit experiment, is based on a natural but implicit assumption about the position of a particle {\it before} a position measurement is performed on it. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 Bruno Galvan

The notion of probability plays a crucial role in quantum mechanics. It appears in quantum mechanics as the Born rule. In modern mathematics which describes quantum mechanics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-04 Kohtaro Tadaki

We clarify the role of the Born rule in the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics by deriving it from Bohr's doctrine of classical concepts, translated into the following mathematical statement: a quantum system described by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-01 N. P. Landsman

Understanding the core content of quantum mechanics requires us to disentangle the hidden logical relationships between the postulates of this theory. Here we show that the mathematical structure of quantum measurements, the formula for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-02 Lluís Masanes , Thomas D. Galley , Markus P. Müller

The subjective Bayesian interpretation of probability asserts that the rules of the probability calculus follow from the normative principle of Dutch-book coherence: A decision-making agent should not assign probabilities such that a series…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-02 John B. DeBrota , Christopher A. Fuchs , Jacques L. Pienaar , Blake C. Stacey

We show that the quantum wavefunctional can be seen as a set of classical fields on the 3D space aggregated by a measure. We obtain a complete description of the wavefunctional in terms of classical local beables. With this correspondence,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

Emergence of the classical world from the quantum substrate of our Universe is a long-standing conundrum. I describe three insights into the transition from quantum to classical that are based on the recognition of the role of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-11 Wojciech Hubert Zurek

In order to make the quantum mechanics a closed theory one has to derive the Born rule from the first principles, like the Schroedinger equation, rather than postulate it. The Born rule was in certain sense derived in several articles, e.g.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 G. B. Lesovik

It is argued from several points of view that quantum probabilities might play a role in statistical settings. New approaches toward quantum foundations have postulates that appear to be equally valid in macroscopic settings. One such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Inge S. Helland

A simple proof is given that the probabilities of observations in a large universe are not given directly by Born's rule as the expectation values of projection operators in a global quantum state of the entire universe. An alternative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-07-27 Don N. Page

We study the quantum measurement problem in the context of an infinite, statistically uniform space, as could be generated by eternal inflation. It has recently been argued that when identical copies of a quantum measurement system exist,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Anthony Aguirre , Max Tegmark

Contrary to general relativity, quantum theory treats space and time in fundamentally different ways. In particular, while joint probabilities associated with spacelike separated measurements are defined in terms of the Born rule, joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 James Fullwood , Zhihao Ma , Zhen Wu