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Related papers: Ambiguous Cheap Talk

200 papers

When people choose what messages to send to others, they often consider how others will interpret the messages. A sender may expect a receiver to engage in motivated reasoning, leading the receiver to trust good news more than bad news,…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-02 Michael Thaler

When multiple informative equilibria are possible in a general cheap talk game, how much information can a principal guarantee herself? To answer this question, I define the notion of worst-case implementation-implementation via the worst…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-17 Andrei Iakovlev

Communication is highly overloaded. Despite this, even young children are good at leveraging context to understand ambiguous signals. We propose a computational account of overloaded signaling from a shared agency perspective which we call…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Stephanie Stacy , Chenfei Li , Minglu Zhao , Yiling Yun , Qingyi Zhao , Max Kleiman-Weiner , Tao Gao

User queries are often underspecified and may admit multiple valid interpretations. Rather than silently making assumptions about the user's intent, a helpful assistant should surface such ambiguity by asking a clarifying question. Doing so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinyan Su , Claire Cardie

The paper adresses the problem of reasoning with ambiguities. Semantic representations are presented that leave scope relations between quantifiers and/or other operators unspecified. Truth conditions are provided for these representations…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Uwe Reyle

In most multiagent applications, communication is essential among agents to coordinate their actions, and thus achieve their goal. However, communication often has a related cost that affects overall system performance. In this paper, we…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Abeer Alshehri , Tim Miller , Liz Sonenberg

When deciding how to act under uncertainty, agents may choose to act to reduce uncertainty or they may act despite that uncertainty. In communicative settings, an important way of reducing uncertainty is by asking clarification questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Polina Tsvilodub , Karl Mulligan , Todd Snider , Robert D. Hawkins , Michael Franke

An agent choosing between various actions tends to take the one with the lowest cost. But this choice is arguably too rigid (not adaptive) to be useful in complex situations, e.g., where exploration-exploitation trade-off is relevant in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-12-04 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Aram Galstyan , Ali E. Abbas , Zbigniew R. Struzik

Large parts of professional human communication proceed in a request-reply fashion, whereby requests contain specifics of the information desired while replies can deliver the required information. However, time limitations often force…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-12-25 Kristian Moss Bendtsen , Florian Uekermann , Jan O. Haerter

We study how a decision-maker can acquire more information from an agent by reducing her own ability to observe what the agent transmits. In a large class of binary-action games, opacity design is just as good as full commitment to actions…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-02-07 Mark Whitmeyer

Large language models excel at following explicit instructions, but they often struggle with ambiguous or incomplete user requests, defaulting to verbose, generic responses instead of seeking clarification. We introduce InfoQuest, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Bryan L. M. de Oliveira , Luana G. B. Martins , Bruno Brandão , Luckeciano C. Melo

Multi-agent systems using large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various domains. However, current agent communication suffers from verbose output that overload context and increase computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Danqing Wang , Da Yin , Ruta Desai , Lei Li , Asli Celikyilmaz , Ansong Ni

A community of agents is subject to a stream of messages, which are represented as points on a plane of issues. Messages are sent by media and by agents themselves. Messages from media shape the public opinion. They are unbiased, i.e.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-11-28 Krzysztof Malarz , Krzysztof Kulakowski

Natural language often contains ambiguities that can lead to misinterpretation and miscommunication. While humans can handle ambiguities effectively by asking clarifying questions and/or relying on contextual cues and common-sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Ninareh Mehrabi , Palash Goyal , Apurv Verma , Jwala Dhamala , Varun Kumar , Qian Hu , Kai-Wei Chang , Richard Zemel , Aram Galstyan , Rahul Gupta

We study a persuasion problem in which a sender designs an information structure to induce a non-Bayesian receiver to take a particular action. The receiver, who is privately informed about his preferences, is a wishful thinker: he is…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-12-01 Victor Augias , Daniel M. A. Barreto

Despite the frequent challenges posed by ambiguity when representing meaning via natural language, it is often ignored or deliberately removed in tasks mapping language to formally-designed representations, which generally assume a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Elias Stengel-Eskin , Kyle Rawlins , Benjamin Van Durme

This work shows how to improve and interpret the commonly used dual encoder model for response suggestion in dialogue. We present an attentive dual encoder model that includes an attention mechanism on top of the extracted word-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Yitong Li , Dianqi Li , Sushant Prakash , Peng Wang

This paper analyzes a dynamic interaction between a fully rational, privately informed sender and a boundedly rational, uninformed receiver with memory constraints. The sender controls the flow of information, while the receiver designs a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-12 Qingmin Liu , Yuyang Miao

To develop computational agents that better communicate using their own emergent language, we endow the agents with an ability to focus their attention on particular concepts in the environment. Humans often understand an object or scene as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Ryokan Ri , Ryo Ueda , Jason Naradowsky

How do entrepreneurs act on their beliefs when probabilities of outcomes are unknown but subjectively perceived? We theorize that two distinct dimensions of ambiguity attitudes influence entrepreneurial action: ambiguity aversion - the…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-26 Thomas Åstebro , Frank M. Fossen , Cédric Gutierrez