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Sparse joint shift (SJS) was recently proposed as a tractable model for general dataset shift which may cause changes to the marginal distributions of features and labels as well as the posterior probabilities and the class-conditional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-25 Dirk Tasche

In many practical applications of machine learning, a discrepancy often arises between a source distribution from which labeled training examples are drawn and a target distribution for which only unlabeled data is observed. Traditionally,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-05 Paweł Teisseyre , Jan Mielniczuk

Factorizable joint shift (FJS) represents a type of distribution shift (or dataset shift) that comprises both covariate and label shift. Recently, it has been observed that FJS actually arises from consecutive label and covariate (or vice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Dirk Tasche

Transfer Learning is an area of statistics and machine learning research that seeks answers to the following question: how do we build successful learning algorithms when the data available for training our model is qualitatively different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Brandon Tse Wei Chow

After deployment, machine learning models often experience performance degradation due to shifts in data distribution. It is challenging to assess post-deployment performance accurately when labels are missing or delayed. Existing proxy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jakub Białek , Juhani Kivimäki , Wojtek Kuberski , Nikolaos Perrakis

Machine learning approaches commonly rely on the assumption of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) data. In reality, however, this assumption is almost always violated due to distribution shifts between environments. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ronan Perry , Julius von Kügelgen , Bernhard Schölkopf

Under label shift, the label distribution p(y) might change but the class-conditional distributions p(x|y) do not. There are two dominant approaches for estimating the label marginal. BBSE, a moment-matching approach based on confusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Saurabh Garg , Yifan Wu , Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Zachary C. Lipton

In many applications, data can be heterogeneous in the sense of spanning latent groups with different underlying distributions. When predictive models are applied to such data the heterogeneity can affect both predictive performance and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-04 Thomas Lartigue , Sach Mukherjee

Covariate shift, a widely used assumption in tackling {\it distributional shift} (when training and test distributions differ), focuses on scenarios where the distribution of the labels conditioned on the feature vector is the same, but the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Deeksha Adil , Jarosław Błasiok

In modern scientific applications, large volumes of covariate data are readily available, while outcome labels are costly, sparse, and often subject to distribution shift. This asymmetry has spurred interest in semi-supervised (SS)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Lorenzo Testa , Qi Xu , Jing Lei , Kathryn Roeder

This article addresses the problem of classification method based on both labeled and unlabeled data, where we assume that a density function for labeled data is different from that for unlabeled data. We propose a semi-supervised logistic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-20 Shuichi Kawano

In multi-label learning, each sample is associated with several labels. Existing works indicate that exploring correlations between labels improve the prediction performance. However, embedding the label correlations into the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-03-04 Tianyi Zhou , Dacheng Tao

Detecting drifts in data is essential for machine learning applications, as changes in the statistics of processed data typically has a profound influence on the performance of trained models. Most of the available drift detection methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Andrea Castellani , Sebastian Schmitt , Barbara Hammer

Machine learning models used in medical applications often face challenges due to the covariate shift, which occurs when there are discrepancies between the distributions of training and target data. This can lead to decreased predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Mingyang Cai , Thomas Klausch , Mark A. van de Wiel

Performance monitoring is essential for safe clinical deployment of image classification models. However, because ground-truth labels are typically unavailable in the target dataset, direct assessment of real-world model performance is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Tim Flühmann , Alceu Bissoto , Trung-Dung Hoang , Lisa M. Koch

In this paper we formally analyse the use of sparse filtering algorithms to perform covariate shift adaptation. We provide a theoretical analysis of sparse filtering by evaluating the conditions required to perform covariate shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-12 Fabio Massimo Zennaro , Ke Chen

It remains difficult to evaluate machine learning classifiers in the absence of a large, labeled dataset. While labeled data can be prohibitively expensive or impossible to obtain, unlabeled data is plentiful. Here, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Divya Shanmugam , Shuvom Sadhuka , Manish Raghavan , John Guttag , Bonnie Berger , Emma Pierson

A significant obstacle in the development of robust machine learning models is covariate shift, a form of distribution shift that occurs when the input distributions of the training and test sets differ while the conditional label…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-17 Nilesh Tripuraneni , Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington

We study the problem of class distribution estimation under dataset shift. On the training dataset, both features and class labels are observed while on the test dataset only the features can be observed. The task then is the estimation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Dirk Tasche

The standard supervised learning paradigm works effectively when training data shares the same distribution as the upcoming testing samples. However, this stationary assumption is often violated in real-world applications, especially when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Yong Bai , Yu-Jie Zhang , Peng Zhao , Masashi Sugiyama , Zhi-Hua Zhou
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