Related papers: Using TeV Cosmic Rays to probe the Heliosphere's B…
Astrospheres and wind bubbles of massive stars are believed to be sources of cosmic rays with energies $E\lesssim 1\,$TeV. These particles are not directly detectable, but their impact on surrounding matter, in particular ionisation of…
The interstellar medium (ISM) is a very complex medium which contains the matter needed to form stars and planets. The ISM is in permanent interaction with radiation, turbulence, magnetic and gravitational fields, and accelerated particles.…
Low-energy cosmic rays (LECRs) dominate the ionization in dense regions of molecular clouds in which other ionizers such as UV or X-ray photons are effectively shielded. Thus it was argued that the high ionization rate at the central…
We review what is currently known about the structure of interstellar material in the solar neighborhood, emphasizing how observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have improved our understanding of how interstellar gas is…
RX J1713.7$-$3946 is the most remarkable TeV $\gamma$-ray SNR which emits $\gamma$-rays in the highest energy range. We made a new combined analysis of CO and \ion{H}{1} in the SNR and derived the total protons in the interstellar medium…
Using the cosmic ray (CR) data available in the energy interval $(10 - 2 \times 10^{7})$ GeV/particle, we have calculated the profile of the primary $\gamma$-ray spectrum produced by the interaction of these CR with thermal nuclei of the…
The purpose of this white paper is to put together a coherent vision for the role of helioseismic monitoring of magnetic activity in the Sun's far hemisphere that will contribute to improving space weather forecasting as well as fundamental…
Observations of the energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) of heliospheric origin by IBEX differ from expectations based on heliospheric models. It was proposed that the structure of the heliosphere may be similar to the "two-stream" model derived…
The solar modulation effect of Galactic cosmic rays is a time-dependent phenomenon that is caused by the transport of these particles through the magnetized plasma of the heliosphere. Using a data-driven model of cosmic-ray transport in the…
We investigate the impact of cosmic rays (CRs) on galactic outflows from a multi-phase interstellar medium with solar neighbourhood conditions. The three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamical simulations include CRs as a relativistic fluid in…
The magnetic field in intergalactic space gives important information about magnetogenesis in the early universe. The properties of this field can be probed by searching for radiation of secondary e$^+ $e$^-$ pairs created by TeV photons,…
The cold interstellar medium (ISM) plays a central role in the galaxy evolution process. It is the reservoir that fuels galaxy growth via star formation, the repository of material formed by these stars, and a sensitive tracer of internal…
The Galactic gamma-ray diffuse emission (GDE) is emitted by cosmic rays (CRs), ultra-relativistic protons and electrons, interacting with gas and electromagnetic radiation fields in the interstellar medium. Here we present the analysis of…
Local interstellar spectra (LIS) of primary cosmic ray (CR) nuclei, such as helium, oxygen, and mostly primary carbon are derived for the rigidity range from 10 MV to ~200 TV using the most recent experimental results combined with the…
The helioglow is a fluorescence of interstellar atoms inside the heliosphere, where they are excited by the solar EUV. Because the mean free path between collisions for the interstellar gas is comparable to the size of the heliosphere, the…
Context. The solar chromosphere is the interface between the solar surface and the solar corona. Modelling of this region is difficult because it represents the transition from optically thick to thin radiation escape, from gas-pressure…
The particle and radiation environment in cis-lunar space is becoming increasingly important as more hardware and human assets occupy various orbits around the Earth and space exploration efforts turn to the Moon and beyond. Since 2020, the…
We simulate the neutrino and $\gamma$-ray emissions of the Galaxy which are originated from the hadronic scattering of cosmic rays (CR) with the interstellar medium (ISM). Rather than assuming a uniform CR density, we estimate the spatial…
The role of nearby galactic sources, the supernova remnants, in formation of observed energy spectrum and anisotropy of high-energy cosmic rays is studied. The list of these sources is made up based on radio, X-ray and gamma-ray catalogues.…
The intensity of Galactic cosmic rays is nearly isotropic because of the influence of magnetic fields in the Milky Way. Here, we present two-dimensional high-precision anisotropy measurement for energies from a few to several hundred…