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The rapid development of AI highlights the pressing need for sustainable energy, a critical global challenge for decades. Nuclear fusion, generally seen as an ultimate solution, has been the focus of intensive research for nearly a century,…

We present a 2.5-dimensional charge-conservative electromagnetic particle-in-cell (EM-PIC) algorithm optimized for the analysis of vacuum electronic devices (VED) with cylindrical symmetry (axisymmetry). We explore the axisymmetry present…

We present a novel framework for Finite Element Particle-in-Cell methods based on the discretization of the underlying Hamiltonian structure of the Vlasov-Maxwell system. We derive a semi-discrete Poisson bracket, which retains the defining…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-10-05 Michael Kraus , Katharina Kormann , Philip J. Morrison , Eric Sonnendrücker

Quantum simulations of metal surfaces are critical for catalytic innovation. Yet existing methods face a cost-accuracy dilemma: density functional theory is efficient but system-dependent in accuracy, while wavefunction-based theories are…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Changsu Cao , Hung Q. Pham , Zhen Guo , Yutan Zhang , Zigeng Huang , Xuelan Wen , Ji Chen , Dingshun Lv

Laboratory plasmas in open magnetic geometries can be found in many different applications such as (1) Scrape-Of-Layer (SOL) and divertor regions in toroidal confinement fusion devices (\approx1-10^2\hspace{1mm}\mathrm{eV}), (2) linear…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-02-09 Atul Kumar , J. F. Caneses Marin

High-fidelity modeling of plasma-based acceleration (PBA) requires the use of 3D fully nonlinear and kinetic descriptions based on the particle-in-cell (PIC) method. Three-dimensional PIC algorithms based on the quasi-static approximation…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-09-28 Fei Li , Weiming An , Frank S. Tsung , Viktor K. Decyk , Warren B. Mori

The EMI (Extracellular-Membrane-Intracellular) model describes electrical activity in excitable tissue, where the extracellular and intracellular spaces and cellular membrane are explicitly represented. The model couples a system of partial…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-06 Nanna Berre , Marie E. Rognes , Andre Massing

Based on the particle-in-cell (PIC) plasma simulation method, the speed-limited PIC (SLPIC) method delivers faster kinetic plasma simulation in cases where the particle distributions evolve slowly compared with the maximum stable PIC…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-01-09 Gregory R. Werner , Thomas G. Jenkins , Andrew M. Chap , John R. Cary

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method is a powerful plasma simulation tool for investigating high-intensity femtosecond laser-matter interaction. However, its simulation capability at high-density plasmas around the Fermi temperature is considered…

This paper describes a new code for simulating astrophysical plasmas that solves a hybrid model composed of gyrokinetic ions (GKI) and an isothermal electron fluid (ITEF) [A. Schekochihin et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. \textbf{182}, 310…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2018-02-05 Y. Kawazura , M. Barnes

The three-dimensional evolution of a pure electron plasma is studied by means of a particle-in-cell code which solves the drift-Poisson system where kinetic effects in the motion parallel to the magnetic field are taken into account.…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Massimiliano Rome , Roberto Pozzoli , Mauro Pravettoni , Yuri Tsidulko

With the great development of parallel computing techniques, the particle-particle (PP) model has been successfully applied in a number of plasma applications. Comparing to particle-mesh (PM) models, for example the widely used…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Yanan Zhang , Xiaochun Ma , Hui Liu , Yinjian Zhao

This paper concerns development of a high-performance implementation of the Particle-in-Cell method for plasma simulation on Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. We discuss suitability of the method for Xeon Phi architecture and present our…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-08-05 I. A. Surmin , S. I. Bastrakov , E. S. Efimenko , A. A. Gonoskov , A. V. Korzhimanov , I. B. Meyerov

Implicit particle-in-cell codes offer advantages over their explicit counterparts in that they suffer weaker stability constraints on the need to resolve the higher frequency modes of the system. This feature may prove particularly valuable…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Mathieu Drouin , Laurent Gremillet , Jean-Claude Adam , Anne Héron

With the significant advancements in parallel computing techniques, the particle-particle (PP) model has been effectively utilized in various plasma-related applications. However, PP has been limited for solving only electrostatic problems…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-05-26 Yanan Zhang , Xiaochun Ma , Hui Liu , Yinjian Zhao

We introduce a new electrostatic particle-in-cell algorithm capable of using large timesteps compared to particle gyro-period under a uniform external magnetic field. The algorithm extends earlier electrostatic fully implicit PIC…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Guangye Chen , Luis Chacón

Modeling plasma accelerators is a computationally challenging task and the quasi-static particle-in-cell algorithm is a method of choice in a wide range of situations. In this work, we present the first performance-portable, quasi-static,…

The particle-in-cell (PIC) method is a well-established and widely used kinetic plasma modelling approach that provides a hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian approach to solve the plasma kinetic equation. Despite its power in capturing details of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-11-11 Maryam Reza , Farbod Faraji , Aaron Knoll

We perform extensive 2D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) electromagnetic simulations of low pressure Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) discharges with various coil current and driving frequencies. Our simulations show that in low-frequency cases,…

For strongly quantum-degenerate systems at finite temperatures, the fermion sign problem remains the major obstacle to first-principles simulations. In this work, we apply the recently proposed pseudo-fermion method - designed to overcome…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Yunuo Xiong , Tommaso Morresi , Hongwei Xiong