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Graph neural networks (GNNs) are the predominant approach for graph-based machine learning. While neural networks have shown great performance at learning useful representations, they are often criticized for their limited high-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Markus Zopf , Francesco Alesiani

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for learning over structured data, including text-attributed graphs (TAGs), which are common in domains such as citation networks, social platforms, and knowledge graphs. GNNs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Peyman Baghershahi , Gregoire Fournier , Pranav Nyati , Sourav Medya

Deep learning methods for graphs achieve remarkable performance on many node-level and graph-level prediction tasks. However, despite the proliferation of the methods and their success, prevailing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) neglect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Emily Alsentzer , Samuel G. Finlayson , Michelle M. Li , Marinka Zitnik

Enhancing the interpretability of graph neural networks (GNNs) is crucial to ensure their safe and fair deployment. Recent work has introduced self-explainable GNNs that generate explanations as part of training, improving both faithfulness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Fanzhen Liu , Xiaoxiao Ma , Jian Yang , Alsharif Abuadbba , Kristen Moore , Surya Nepal , Cecile Paris , Quan Z. Sheng , Jia Wu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in a wide range of tasks, such as node classification, link prediction, and graph classification, by exploiting the structural information in graph-structured data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Oscar Llorente , Jaime Boal , Eugenio F. Sánchez-Úbeda , Antonio Diaz-Cano , Miguel Familiar

Massive deployment of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in high-stake applications generates a strong demand for explanations that are robust to noise and align well with human intuition. Most existing methods generate explanations by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Mohit Bajaj , Lingyang Chu , Zi Yu Xue , Jian Pei , Lanjun Wang , Peter Cho-Ho Lam , Yong Zhang

Robustness in complex systems is of significant engineering and economic importance. However, conventional attack-based a posteriori robustness assessments incur prohibitive computational overhead. Recently, deep learning methods, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Chengyu Tian , Wenbin Pei

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for data-driven learning on various graph domains. They are usually based on a message-passing mechanism and have gained increasing popularity for their intuitive formulation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Giuseppe Alessio D'Inverno , Simone Brugiapaglia , Mirco Ravanelli

In the last decade or so, we have witnessed deep learning reinvigorating the machine learning field. It has solved many problems in the domains of computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, and various other tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Lilapati Waikhom , Ripon Patgiri

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a dominant paradigm for graph classification. Specifically, most existing GNNs mainly rely on the message passing strategy between neighbor nodes, where the expressivity is limited by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Lin Du , Lu Bai , Jincheng Li , Lixin Cui , Hangyuan Du , Lichi Zhang , Yuting Chen , Zhao Li

The expressive power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has been studied extensively through the Weisfeiler-Leman (WL) graph isomorphism test. However, standard GNNs and the WL framework are inapplicable for geometric graphs embedded in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Chaitanya K. Joshi , Cristian Bodnar , Simon V. Mathis , Taco Cohen , Pietro Liò

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in solving graph classification tasks. However, most GNN architectures aggregate information from all nodes and edges in a graph, regardless of their relevance to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-19 Pablo Sanchez-Martin , Kinaan Aamir Khan , Isabel Valera

Traditional Graph Self-Supervised Learning (GSSL) struggles to capture complex structural properties well. This limitation stems from two main factors: (1) the inadequacy of conventional Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in representing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Asiri Wijesinghe , Hao Zhu , Piotr Koniusz

Deep learning has revolutionized many machine learning tasks in recent years, ranging from image classification and video processing to speech recognition and natural language understanding. The data in these tasks are typically represented…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Zonghan Wu , Shirui Pan , Fengwen Chen , Guodong Long , Chengqi Zhang , Philip S. Yu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used in graph-related contexts. It is known that the separation power of GNNs is equivalent to that of the Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) test; hence, GNNs are imperfect at identifying all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Ziang Chen , Qiao Zhang , Runzhong Wang

Graph regression is a fundamental task that has gained significant attention in various graph learning tasks. However, the inference process is often not easily interpretable. Current explanation techniques are limited to understanding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Jiaxing Zhang , Zhuomin Chen , Hao Mei , Longchao Da , Dongsheng Luo , Hua Wei

Message passing graph neural networks (GNNs) are known to have their expressiveness upper-bounded by 1-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman (1-WL) algorithm. To achieve more powerful GNNs, existing attempts either require ad hoc features, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Meng Liu , Haiyang Yu , Shuiwang Ji

While graph neural networks (GNNs) have been shown to perform well on graph-based data from a variety of fields, they suffer from a lack of transparency and accountability, which hinders trust and consequently the deployment of such models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Lucie Charlotte Magister , Dmitry Kazhdan , Vikash Singh , Pietro Liò

Representations in the hidden layers of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are often hard to interpret since it is difficult to project them into an interpretable domain. Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) allow this projection, but existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Robert Schwarzenberg , Marc Hübner , David Harbecke , Christoph Alt , Leonhard Hennig

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are quickly becoming the standard approach for learning on graph structured data across several domains, but they lack transparency in their decision-making. Several perturbation-based approaches have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Anna Himmelhuber , Mitchell Joblin , Martin Ringsquandl , Thomas Runkler
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