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Identifying unexpected domain-shifted instances in natural language processing is crucial in real-world applications. Previous works identify the out-of-distribution (OOD) instance by leveraging a single global feature embedding to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Jinan Zou , Maihao Guo , Yu Tian , Yuhao Lin , Haiyao Cao , Lingqiao Liu , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the reliable deployment of machine learning models in real-world scenarios, enabling the identification of unknown samples or objects. A prominent approach to enhance OOD detection…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-05 Heng Gao , Jun Li

Detecting data points deviating from the training distribution is pivotal for ensuring reliable machine learning. Extensive research has been dedicated to the challenge, spanning classical anomaly detection techniques to contemporary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Xuefeng Du , Yiyou Sun , Yixuan Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect "unknown" data whose labels have not been seen during the in-distribution (ID) training process. Recent progress in representation learning gives rise to distance-based OOD detection that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Ji Zhang , Lianli Gao , Bingguang Hao , Hao Huang , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen

Text-attributed graphs (TAGs) associate nodes with textual attributes and graph structure, enabling GNNs to jointly model semantic and structural information. While effective on in-distribution (ID) data, GNNs often encounter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yinlin Zhu , Di Wu , Xu Wang , Guocong Quan , Miao Hu

Detecting and rejecting unknown out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is critical for deployed neural networks to void unreliable predictions. In real-world scenarios, however, the efficacy of existing OOD detection methods is often impeded by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Kai Liu , Zhihang Fu , Sheng Jin , Chao Chen , Ze Chen , Rongxin Jiang , Fan Zhou , Yaowu Chen , Jieping Ye

Unsupervised continual learning aims to learn new tasks incrementally without requiring human annotations. However, most existing methods, especially those targeted on image classification, only work in a simplified scenario by assuming all…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains challenging in text-rich networks, where textual features intertwine with topological structures. Existing methods primarily address label shifts or rudimentary domain-based splits, overlooking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Danny Wang , Ruihong Qiu , Guangdong Bai , Zi Huang

Semi-supervised learning (semi-SL) is a promising alternative to supervised learning for medical image analysis when obtaining good quality supervision for medical imaging is difficult. However, semi-SL assumes that the underlying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Nikhil Cherian Kurian , Varsha S , Abhijit Patil , Shashikant Khade , Amit Sethi

Out-of-distribution detection (OOD) is a pivotal task for real-world applications that trains models to identify samples that are distributionally different from the in-distribution (ID) data during testing. Recent advances in AI,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Chaohua Li , Enhao Zhang , Chuanxing Geng , Songcan Chen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust machine learning models. However, when training data follows a long-tailed distribution, the model's ability to accurately detect OOD samples is significantly compromised,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Shuai Feng , Yuxin Ge , Yuntao Du , Mingcai Chen , Chongjun Wang , Lei Feng

Recent developments for Semi-Supervised Object Detection (SSOD) have shown the promise of leveraging unlabeled data to improve an object detector. However, thus far these methods have assumed that the unlabeled data does not contain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Yen-Cheng Liu , Chih-Yao Ma , Xiaoliang Dai , Junjiao Tian , Peter Vajda , Zijian He , Zsolt Kira

The safe deployment of machine learning and AI models in open-world settings hinges critically on the ability to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data accurately, data samples that contrast vastly from what the model was trained with.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Andrija Djurisic , Rosanne Liu , Mladen Nikolic

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, which aims to distinguish unknown classes from known classes, has received increasing attention recently. A main challenge within is the unavailable of samples from the unknown classes in the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mingle Xu , Jaehwan Lee , Sook Yoon , Dong Sun Park

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has attracted a large amount of attention from the machine learning research community in recent years due to its importance in deployed systems. Most of the previous studies focused on the detection of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Alon Zolfi , Guy Amit , Amit Baras , Satoru Koda , Ikuya Morikawa , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust machine learning models, especially in areas where security is critical. However, traditional OOD detection methods often fail to capture complex data distributions from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Armando Zhu , Jiabei Liu , Keqin Li , Shuying Dai , Bo Hong , Peng Zhao , Changsong Wei

Text-attributed graphs, where nodes are enriched with textual attributes, have become a powerful tool for modeling real-world networks such as citation, social, and transaction networks. However, existing methods for learning from these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xiaoxu Ma , Dong Li , Minglai Shao , Xintao Wu , Chen Zhao

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection in semantic segmentation aims to localize anomalous regions at the pixel level, advancing beyond traditional image-level OOD techniques to better suit real-world applications such as autonomous driving.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Nimeshika Udayangani , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task to ensure the reliability and security of machine learning models deployed in real-world applications. Conventional methods for OOD detection that rely on single-modal information,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 K Huang , G Song , Hanwen Su , Jiyan Wang

Most existing deep learning models are trained based on the closed-world assumption, where the test data is assumed to be drawn i.i.d. from the same distribution as the training data, known as in-distribution (ID). However, when models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Yixin Liu , Kaize Ding , Huan Liu , Shirui Pan