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The evolution of a deep neural network trained by the gradient descent can be described by its neural tangent kernel (NTK) as introduced in [20], where it was proven that in the infinite width limit the NTK converges to an explicit limiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Jiaoyang Huang , Horng-Tzer Yau

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is an important milestone in the ongoing effort to build a theory for deep learning. Its prediction that sufficiently wide neural networks behave as kernel methods, or equivalently as random feature models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Maxim Samarin , Volker Roth , David Belius

There are currently two parameterizations used to derive fixed kernels corresponding to infinite width neural networks, the NTK (Neural Tangent Kernel) parameterization and the naive standard parameterization. However, the extrapolation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , Roman Novak , Samuel S. Schoenholz , Jaehoon Lee

Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) theory is widely used to study the dynamics of infinitely-wide deep neural networks (DNNs) under gradient descent. But do the results for infinitely-wide networks give us hints about the behavior of real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Mariia Seleznova , Gitta Kutyniok

Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is widely used to analyze overparametrized neural networks due to the famous result by Jacot et al. (2018): in the infinite-width limit, the NTK is deterministic and constant during training. However, this result…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Mariia Seleznova , Gitta Kutyniok

Given the complexity of genetic risk prediction, there is a critical need for the development of novel methodologies that can effectively capture intricate genotype--phenotype relationships (e.g., nonlinear) while remaining statistically…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-03 Heng Ge , Qing Lu

Motivated by both theory and practice, we study how random pruning of the weights affects a neural network's neural tangent kernel (NTK). In particular, this work establishes an equivalence of the NTKs between a fully-connected neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Hongru Yang , Zhangyang Wang

The study of deep neural networks (DNNs) in the infinite-width limit, via the so-called neural tangent kernel (NTK) approach, has provided new insights into the dynamics of learning, generalization, and the impact of initialization. One key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Sina Alemohammad , Zichao Wang , Randall Balestriero , Richard Baraniuk

While deep learning has achieved remarkable success across a wide range of applications, its theoretical understanding of representation learning remains limited. Deep neural kernels provide a principled framework to interpret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yong-Ming Tian , Shuang Liang , Shao-Qun Zhang , Feng-Lei Fan

The neural tangent kernel (NTK) has garnered significant attention as a theoretical framework for describing the behavior of large-scale neural networks. Kernel methods are theoretically well-understood and as a result enjoy algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jonathan Wenger , Felix Dangel , Agustinus Kristiadi

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) has recently attracted intense study, as it describes the evolution of an over-parameterized Neural Network (NN) trained by gradient descent. However, it is now well-known that gradient descent is not always…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Lei Tan , Shutong Wu , Xiaolin Huang

Recent theoretical works based on the neural tangent kernel (NTK) have shed light on the optimization and generalization of over-parameterized networks, and partially bridge the gap between their practical success and classical learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Kyung-Su Kim , Aurélie C. Lozano , Eunho Yang

Despite their immense promise in performing a variety of learning tasks, a theoretical understanding of the limitations of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has so far eluded practitioners. This is partly due to the inability to determine the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Saad Qadeer , Andrew Engel , Amanda Howard , Adam Tsou , Max Vargas , Panos Stinis , Tony Chiang

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK), defined as $\Theta_\theta^f(x_1, x_2) = \left[\partial f(\theta, x_1)\big/\partial \theta\right] \left[\partial f(\theta, x_2)\big/\partial \theta\right]^T$ where $\left[\partial f(\theta,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Roman Novak , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , Samuel S. Schoenholz

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is the wide-network limit of a kernel defined using neural networks at initialization, whose embedding is the gradient of the output of the network with respect to its parameters. We study the "after kernel",…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Philip M. Long

The ``Neural Tangent Kernel'' (NTK) (Jacot et al 2018), and its empirical variants have been proposed as a proxy to capture certain behaviors of real neural networks. In this work, we study NTKs through the lens of scaling laws, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Nikhil Vyas , Yamini Bansal , Preetum Nakkiran

Neural tangent kernels (NTKs) are a powerful tool for analyzing deep, non-linear neural networks. In the infinite-width limit, NTKs can easily be computed for most common architectures, yielding full analytic control over the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Max Guillen , Philipp Misof , Jan E. Gerken

Spectral bias is a significant phenomenon in neural network training and can be explained by neural tangent kernel (NTK) theory. In this work, we develop the NTK theory for deep neural networks with physics-informed loss, providing insights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Weiye Gan , Yicheng Li , Qian Lin , Zuoqiang Shi

A rising trend in theoretical deep learning is to understand why deep learning works through Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) [jgh18], a kernel method that is equivalent to using gradient descent to train a multi-layer infinitely-wide neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Lianke Qin , Zhao Song , Baocheng Sun

Recent theoretical work has shown that massively overparameterized neural networks are equivalent to kernel regressors that use Neural Tangent Kernels(NTK). Experiments show that these kernel methods perform similarly to real neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Amnon Geifman , Abhay Yadav , Yoni Kasten , Meirav Galun , David Jacobs , Ronen Basri
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