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Automatic discovery and curve fitting of absorption bands in hyperspectral data can enable the analyst to identify materials present in a scene by comparison with library spectra. This procedure is common in laboratory spectra, but is…
The phenomena of Spectral Bias, where the higher frequency components of a function being learnt in a feedforward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are seen to converge more slowly than the lower frequencies, is observed ubiquitously across…
Accurately determining the underlying physical parameters of individual elements in integrated photonics is increasingly difficult as device architectures become more complex. Inferring these parameters directly from spectral measurements…
Machine-learned interatomic potentials (MLIPs) promise to provide near density-functional theory accuracy at a fraction of the computational cost, offering a transformative route toward genuinely predictive chemistry. Yet their predictive…
The widespread dissemination of machine learning tools in science, particularly in astronomy, has revealed the limitation of working with simple single-task scenarios in which any task in need of a predictive model is looked in isolation,…
Despite increasing focus on data publication and discovery in materials science and related fields, the global view of materials data is highly sparse. This sparsity encourages training models on the union of multiple datasets, but simple…
Photonic lanterns (PLs) are tapered waveguides that gradually transition from a multi-mode fiber geometry to a bundle of single-mode fibers. In astronomical applications, PLs can efficiently couple multi-mode telescope light into a…
Low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has emerged as a technique of choice for exploring the localization of plasmonic phenomena at the nanometer level, necessitating analysis of physical behaviors from 3D spectral data sets.…
With the development of medical imaging technology and machine learning, computer-assisted diagnosis which can provide impressive reference to pathologists, attracts extensive research interests. The exponential growth of medical images and…
Lenses are typically based on refractive index profiles derived from the geometric approximation of high-frequency waves, yet the critical issue of impedance mismatch is often neglected. Mismatched devices suffer from unwanted reflections…
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will operate as an AM/FM receiver for gravitational waves. For binary systems, the source location, orientation and orbital phase are encoded in the amplitude and frequency modulation. The same…
The mid-infrared spectral window is essential for molecular fingerprinting and atmospheric sensing, yet unlocking its full potential is currently constrained by a fundamental instrumental trade-off: existing systems cannot simultaneously…
The spectral properties of a multilevel atomic system interacting with multiple electromagnetic fields, a modified inverted-Y system, have been theoretically investigated. In this study, a numerical matrix propagation method has been…
Ultrafast lasers ($< 500$ fs) have enabled laser-matter interactions at intensities exceeding $10^{18} \rm{Wcm}^{-2}$ with only millijoules of laser energy. However, as pulse durations become shorter, larger spectral bandwidths are…
The automated analysis of medical images is currently limited by technical and biological noise and bias. The same source tissue can be represented by vastly different images if the image acquisition or processing protocols vary. For an…
The mechanisms of photon propagation in random media in the diffusive multiple scattering regime have been previously studied using diffusion approximation. However, similar understanding in the low-order (sub-diffusion) scattering regime…
Recently, transfer learning and self-supervised learning have gained significant attention within the medical field due to their ability to mitigate the challenges posed by limited data availability, improve model generalisation, and reduce…
In a recent work we have developed a robust chainwise atom-molecule adiabatic passage scheme to produce ultracold ground-state molecules via photo-associating free atoms [J. Qian {\it et.al.} Phys. Rev. A 81 013632 (2010)]. With the help of…
Lesion segmentation of ultrasound medical images based on deep learning techniques is a widely used method for diagnosing diseases. Although there is a large amount of ultrasound image data in medical centers and other places, labeled…
Strain-level identification of viruses is critical for effective public health responses to potential outbreaks, yet current diagnostic methods often lack the necessary speed or sensitivity. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers…