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In r-neighbour bootstrap percolation on the vertex set of a graph G, vertices are initially infected independently with some probability p. At each time step, the infected set expands by infecting all uninfected vertices that have at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-01 Béla Bollobás , Cecilia Holmgren , Paul Smith , Andrew J. Uzzell

Majority bootstrap percolation is a model of infection spreading in networks. Starting with a set of initially infected vertices, new vertices become infected once half of their neighbours are infected. Balogh, Bollob\'{a}s and Morris…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Maurício Collares , Joshua Erde , Anna Geisler , Mihyun Kang

In 2-neighborhood bootstrap percolation on a graph $G$, an infection spreads according to the following deterministic rule: infected vertices of $G$ remain infected forever and in consecutive rounds healthy vertices with at least two…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-08-28 Thiago Braga Marcilon , Rudini Menezes Sampaio

Majority bootstrap percolation on a graph $G$ is an epidemic process defined in the following manner. Firstly, an initially infected set of vertices is selected. Then step by step the vertices that have more infected than non-infected…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-08-12 Cecilia Holmgren , Tomas Juškevičius , Nathan Kettle

2-boostrap percolation on a graph is a diffusion process where a vertex gets infected whenever it has at least 2 infected neighbours, and then stays infected forever. It has been much studied on the infinite grid for random Bernoulli…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-09-05 S Esnay , V Lutfalla , G Theyssier

In $\HH$-bootstrap percolation, a set $A \subset V(\HH)$ of initially 'infected' vertices spreads by infecting vertices which are the only uninfected vertex in an edge of the hypergraph $\HH$. A particular case of this is the $H$-bootstrap…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-28 József Balogh , Béla Bollobás , Robert Morris , Oliver Riordan

Consider a $p$-random subset $A$ of initially infected vertices in the discrete cube $[L]^d$, and assume that the neighbourhood of each vertex consists of the $a_i$ nearest neighbours in the $\pm e_i$-directions for each $i \in \{1,2,\dots,…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Daniel Blanquicett

Motivated by the bootstrap percolation process for graphs, we define a new, high-order generalisation to $k$-uniform hypergraphs, in which we infect $j$-sets of vertices for some integer $1\le j \le k-1$. We investigate the smallest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Oliver Cooley , Julian Zalla

In 2-neighborhood bootstrap percolation on a graph G, an infection spreads according to the following deterministic rule: infected vertices of G remain infected forever and in consecutive rounds healthy vertices with at least 2 already…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-08-31 Thiago Braga Marcilon , Rudini Menezes Sampaio

The theme of this paper is the analysis of bootstrap percolation processes on random graphs generated by preferential attachment. This is a class of infection processes where vertices have two states: they are either infected or…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-12-23 Mohammed Amin Abdullah , Nikolaos Fountoulakis

The bootstrap percolation (or threshold model) is a dynamic process modelling the propagation of an epidemic on a graph, where inactive vertices become active if their number of active neighbours reach some threshold. We study an…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-01-19 Alberto Guggiola , Guilhem Semerjian

Majority bootstrap percolation is a monotone cellular automata that can be thought of as a model of infection spreading in networks. Starting with an initially infected set, new vertices become infected once more than half of their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-26 Maurício Collares , Joshua Erde , Anna Geisler , Mihyun Kang

We consider a classic model known as bootstrap percolation on the $n \times n$ square grid. To each vertex of the grid we assign an initial state, infected or healthy, and then in consecutive rounds we infect every healthy vertex that has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-11-06 Fabricio Benevides , Michał Przykucki

We investigate bootstrap percolation with infection threshold $r> 1$ on the binomial $k$-uniform random hypergraph $H_k(n,p)$ in the regime $n^{-1}\ll n^{k-2}p \ll n^{-1/r}$, when the initial set of infected vertices is chosen uniformly at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-25 Mihyun Kang , Christoph Koch , Tamás Makai

Graph bootstrap percolation is a simple cellular automaton introduced by Bollob\'as in 1968. Given a graph $H$ and a set $G \subseteq E(K_n)$ we initially "infect" all edges in $G$ and then, in consecutive steps, we infect every $e \in K_n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-28 Béla Bollobás , Michał Przykucki , Oliver Riordan , Julian Sahasrabudhe

This paper is dedicated to the study of the interaction between dynamical systems and percolation models, with views towards the study of viral infections whose virus mutate with time. Recall that r-bootstrap percolation describes a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-04-08 Yuyuan Luo , Laura P. Schaposnik

Graph bootstrap percolation is a discrete-time process capturing the spread of a virus on the edges of $K_n$. Given an initial set $G\subseteq K_n$ of infected edges, the transmission of the virus is governed by a fixed graph $H$: in each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 David Fabian , Patrick Morris , Tibor Szabó

We consider the $d$-neighbor bootstrap percolation process on the $d$-dimensional torus, with vertex set $V=\{1,\cdots,n\}^d$ and edge set $\{xy:\sum_{i=1}^d|x_i-y_i (\text{mod} \; n)|=1\}$. We determine the percolation time up to a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-19 Fengxing Zhu

We introduce a simple method for proving lower bounds for the size of the smallest percolating set in a certain graph bootstrap process. We apply this method to determine the sizes of the smallest percolating sets in multidimensional tori…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Lianna Hambardzumyan , Hamed Hatami , Yingjie Qian

For fixed $r\geq 2$, we consider bootstrap percolation with threshold $r$ on the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph ${\cal G}_{n,p}$. We identify a threshold for $p$ above which there is with high probability a set of size $r$ which can infect the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Omer Angel , Brett Kolesnik