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We investigate the formation of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) using the Auriga high-resolution cosmological magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way-sized galaxies. We identify a sample of $92$ UDGs in the simulations that match a…

We use the highest-resolution EAGLE simulation, Recal-L025N0752, to study the properties and formation of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs). We identify 181 UDGs and find their properties closely match observations. The total masses of EAGLE…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-01 Haonan Zheng , Shihong Liao , Liang Gao , Fangzhou Jiang

We use the IllustrisTNG cosmological hydrodynamical simulation to study the formation of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in galaxy clusters. We supplement the simulations with a realistic mass-size relation for galaxies at the time of infall…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-30 Laura V. Sales , Julio F. Navarro , Louis Penafiel , Eric W. Peng , Sungsoon Lim , Lars Hernquist

The formation and evolution of the ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) continues to remain a puzzle. Similarities and differences in the morphological and the kinematical properties of the UDGs with their possible precursors, namely low-surface…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-11 Nilanjana Nandi , Arunima Banerjee

We study the origins of 122 ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the {\sc RomulusC} zoom-in cosmological simulation of a galaxy cluster (M$_{200} = 1.15\times10^{14}$ M$_{\odot}$), one of the only such simulations capable of resolving the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-07-22 Michael Tremmel , Anna C. Wright , Alyson M. Brooks , Ferah Munshi , Daisuke Nagai , Thomas R. Quinn

A particular population of galaxies have drawn much interest recently, which are as faint as typical dwarf galaxies but have the sizes as large as $L^*$ galaxies, the so called "ultra-diffuse galaxie" (UDGs). The lack of tidal features of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-08-02 Yu Rong , Qi Guo , Liang Gao , Shihong Liao , Lizhi Xie , Thomas H. Puzia , Shuangpeng Sun , Jun Pan

We propose that the Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy (UDG) population represents a set of satellite galaxies born in $\sim10^{10}-10^{11}$ M$_\odot$ halos, similar to field dwarfs, which suffer a dramatic reduction in surface brightness due to tidal…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-02-13 Timothy Carleton , Raphaël Errani , Michael Cooper , Manoj Kaplinghat , Jorge Peñarrubia , Yicheng Guo

Recent advances in deep dedicated imaging surveys over the past decade have uncovered a surprisingly large number of extremely faint low surface brightness galaxies with large physical sizes called ultra diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in clusters…

We address the origin of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies (UDGs), which have stellar masses typical of dwarf galaxies but effective radii of Milky Way-sized objects. Their formation mechanism, and whether they are failed $\rm L_{\star}$ galaxies or…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-12-14 Arianna Di Cintio , Chris B. Brook , Aaron A. Dutton , Andrea V. Macciò , Aura C. Obreja , Avishai Dekel

Ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) are the lowest-surface brightness galaxies known, with typical stellar masses of dwarf galaxies but sizes similar to larger galaxies like the Milky Way. The reason for their extended sizes is debated, with…

We study ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in zoom in cosmological simulations, seeking the origin of UDGs in the field versus galaxy groups. We find that while field UDGs arise from dwarfs in a characteristic mass range by multiple episodes of…

To better understand the formation of large, low surface brightness galaxies, we measure the correlation function between ultra-diffuse galaxy (UDG) candidates and Milky Way analogs (MWAs). We find that (1) the projected radial distribution…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-03-03 Hina Goto , Dennis Zaritsky , Ananthan Karunakaran , Richard Donnerstein , David J. Sand

While much of the focus around Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies (UDGs) has been given to those in galaxy groups and clusters, relatively little is known about them in less-dense environments. These isolated UDGs provide fundamental insights into UDG…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-01 Daniel J. Prole , Remco F. J. van der Burg , Michael Hilker , Jonathan I. Davies

Recent observations have highlighted a significant population of faint but large (r_eff>1.5 kpc) galaxies in the Coma cluster. The origin of these Ultra Diffuse Galaxies (UDGs) remains puzzling, as the interpretation of the observational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-05-04 Remco F. J. van der Burg , Adam Muzzin , Henk Hoekstra

While we have learned much about Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies (UDGs) in groups and clusters, relatively little is known about them in less-dense environments. More isolated UDGs are important for our understanding of UDG formation scenarios…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-22 Daniel J. Prole , Remco F. J. van der Burg , Michael Hilker , Jonathan I. Davies

It has been 10 years since the initial discovery of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies (UDGs) in the Coma cluster and the revelation that large, low surface brightness galaxies may constitute a greater fraction of galaxies than first thought. This left…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-13 Jonah S. Gannon , Anna Ferré-Mateu , Duncan A. Forbes

In recent years, multiple studies have reported substantial populations of large, low-surface-brightness galaxies in local galaxy clusters. Various theories that aim to explain the presence of such ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) have since…

The recent discovery of thousands of ultra diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in nearby galaxy clusters has opened a new window into the process of galaxy formation and evolution. Several scenarios have been proposed to explain the formation history…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-12-06 Cristóbal Sifón , Remco F. J. van der Burg , Henk Hoekstra , Adam Muzzin , Ricardo Herbonnet

We explore populations of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in isolated, satellite, and cluster environments using the Romulus25 and RomulusC simulations, including how the populations vary with UDG definition and viewing orientation. Using a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-27 Jordan D. Van Nest , F. Munshi , A. C. Wright , M. Tremmel , A. M. Brooks , D. Nagai , T. Quinn

We use the \textsc{Romulus25} cosmological simulation volume to identify the largest-ever simulated sample of {\it field} ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs). At $z=0$, we find that isolated UDGs have average star formation rates, colors, and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-20 Anna C. Wright , Michael Tremmel , Alyson M. Brooks , Ferah Munshi , Daisuke Nagai , Ray S. Sharma , Thomas R. Quinn
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