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Equity risk premium is a central component of every risk and return model in finance and a key input to estimate costs of equity and capital in both corporate finance and valuation. An article by Damodaran examines three broad approaches…
Cybercrime is becoming ever more serious. Findings from 2002 Computer Crime and Security Survey show an upward trend that demonstrates a need for a timely review of existing approaches to fighting this new phenomenon in the information age.…
This paper studies systemic-risk connectedness in the European insurance sector at three levels of granularity: across major segments of financial markets, across insurance subsectors, and across individual insurance companies. Using a…
Commercial insurance underwriting is a labor-intensive process that requires manual review of extensive documentation to assess risk and determine policy pricing. While AI offers substantial efficiency improvements, existing solutions lack…
Proactive cyber-risk assessment is gaining momentum due to the wide range of sectors that can benefit from the prevention of cyber-incidents by preserving integrity, confidentiality, and the availability of data. The rising attention to…
Supply chains are increasingly targeted by threat actors. Using a recent taxonomy, we contrast the diverse levels of detail given by national authorities. The threat is commonly acknowledged, but guidance is disjointed. NIST SP 800-161…
We study the impact of data sharing policies on cyber insurance markets. These policies have been proposed to address the scarcity of data about cyber threats, which is essential to manage cyber risks. We propose a Cournot duopoly…
Cyber Security plays an important role in the field of information technology .Securing the information have become one of the biggest challenges in the present day. When ever we think about the cyber security the first thing that comes to…
Cloud computing has drastically altered the ways in which it is possible to deliver information technologies in a service-led structure, however, this has also been reflected in the cybercrime domain. Cybercrime as a Service is an economic…
This article considers a short survey of basic methods of social networks analysis, which are used for detecting cyber threats. The main types of social network threats are presented. Basic methods of graph theory and data mining, that…
Several approaches have been used to assess the performance of cyberphysical systems and their exposure to various types of risks. Such assessments have become increasingly important as autonomous attackers ramp up the frequency, duration…
AI companies and governments are increasingly concerned about frontier AI systems enabling cybercrime, yet defining meaningful capability thresholds requires knowing the scale of cybercrime today. Current estimates of global cybercrime…
Indirect discrimination is an issue of major concern in algorithmic models. This is particularly the case in insurance pricing where protected policyholder characteristics are not allowed to be used for insurance pricing. Simply…
In an ever more connected world, awareness has grown towards the hazards and vulnerabilities that the networking on sensitive digitized information pose for all parties involved. This vulnerability rests in a number of factors, both human…
Nowadays, companies are highly exposed to cyber security threats. In many industrial domains, protective measures are being deployed and actively supported by standards. However the global process remains largely dependent on document…
The work deals with the risk assessment theory. An unitary risk algorithm is elaborated. The algorithm is based on parallel curves. The basic curve of risk is a hyperbolic curve, obtained as a multiplication between the probability of…
The increasing value of data held in enterprises makes it an attractive target to attackers. The increasing likelihood and impact of a cyber attack have highlighted the importance of effective cyber risk estimation. We propose two methods…
In the area of information technology, cybersecurity is critical. Information security is one of todays highest priorities. Cyber attacks, which are on the rise and include Ransomware, are the first thing that springs to mind when we think…
The online environment has provided a great opportunity for insurance policyholders to share their complaints with respect to different services. These complaints can reveal valuable information for insurance companies who seek to improve…
We present ICAR, a mathematical framework derived from category theory for representing cybersecurity NIST and MITRE's ontologies. Designed for cybersecurity, ICAR is a category whose objects are cybersecurity knowledge (weakness,…