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Reinforcement learning (RL) on high-dimensional and complex problems relies on abstraction for improved efficiency and generalization. In this paper, we study abstraction in the continuous-control setting, and extend the definition of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Prakash Panangaden , Sahand Rezaei-Shoshtari , Rosie Zhao , David Meger , Doina Precup

Abstraction of Markov Decision Processes is a useful tool for solving complex problems, as it can ignore unimportant aspects of an environment, simplifying the process of learning an optimal policy. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Ondrej Biza , Robert Platt

Reinforcement learning agents must painstakingly learn through trial and error what sets of state-action pairs are value equivalent -- requiring an often prohibitively large amount of environment experience. MDP homomorphisms have been…

This work exploits action equivariance for representation learning in reinforcement learning. Equivariance under actions states that transitions in the input space are mirrored by equivalent transitions in latent space, while the map and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Elise van der Pol , Thomas Kipf , Frans A. Oliehoek , Max Welling

State aggregation aims to reduce the computational complexity of solving Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) while preserving the performance of the original system. A fundamental challenge lies in optimizing policies within the aggregated, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shuo Zhao , Yongqiang Li , Yu Feng , Zhongsheng Hou , Yuanjing Feng

Deep Reinforcement Learning has shown its ability in solving complicated problems directly from high-dimensional observations. However, in end-to-end settings, Reinforcement Learning algorithms are not sample-efficient and requires long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Nicolò Botteghi , Mannes Poel , Beril Sirmacek , Christoph Brune

A fundamental assumption of reinforcement learning in Markov decision processes (MDPs) is that the relevant decision process is, in fact, Markov. However, when MDPs have rich observations, agents typically learn by way of an abstract state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Cameron Allen , Neev Parikh , Omer Gottesman , George Konidaris

General-purpose agents require fine-grained controls and rich sensory inputs to perform a wide range of tasks. However, this complexity often leads to intractable decision-making. Traditionally, agents are provided with task-specific action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Rafael Rodriguez-Sanchez , George Konidaris

We address the synthesis of control policies for unknown discrete-time stochastic dynamical systems to satisfy temporal logic objectives. We present a data-driven, abstraction-based control framework that integrates online learning with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Irmak Sağlam , Mahdi Nazeri , Alessandro Abate , Sadegh Soudjani , Anne-Kathrin Schmuck

Abstraction is crucial for effective sequential decision making in domains with large state spaces. In this work, we propose an information bottleneck method for learning approximate bisimulations, a type of state abstraction. We use a deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Ondrej Biza , Robert Platt , Jan-Willem van de Meent , Lawson L. S. Wong

Lying on the heart of intelligent decision-making systems, how policy is represented and optimized is a fundamental problem. The root challenge in this problem is the large scale and the high complexity of policy space, which exacerbates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Min Zhang , Hongyao Tang , Jianye Hao , Yan Zheng

Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) often exhibit significant redundancy due to symmetries and shared structure across state-goal pairs in real-world Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning (GCRL). While hierarchical policies have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Clarisse Wibault , Alexander Goldie , Antonio Villares , Maike Osborne , Jakob Foerster

Policy gradient methods are among the most effective methods in challenging reinforcement learning problems with large state and/or action spaces. However, little is known about even their most basic theoretical convergence properties,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Alekh Agarwal , Sham M. Kakade , Jason D. Lee , Gaurav Mahajan

In this report, we aim at the development of a decentralized abstraction framework for multi-agent systems under coupled constraints, with the possibility for a varying degree of decentralization. The methodology is based on the analysis…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-10-11 D. Boskos , D. V. Dimarogonas

Decision-making in complex, continuous multi-task environments is often hindered by the difficulty of obtaining accurate models for planning and the inefficiency of learning purely from trial and error. While precise environment dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jeff Jewett , Sandhya Saisubramanian

Many reinforcement learning (RL) tasks provide the agent with high-dimensional observations that can be simplified into low-dimensional continuous states. To formalize this process, we introduce the concept of a DeepMDP, a parameterized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Carles Gelada , Saurabh Kumar , Jacob Buckman , Ofir Nachum , Marc G. Bellemare

Analysis of Markov Decision Processes (MDP) is often hindered by state space explosion. Abstraction is a well-established technique in model checking to mitigate this issue. This paper presents a novel lazy abstraction method for MDP…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Dániel Szekeres , Kristóf Marussy , István Majzik

We propose a new policy gradient method, named homotopic policy mirror descent (HPMD), for solving discounted, infinite horizon MDPs with finite state and action spaces. HPMD performs a mirror descent type policy update with an additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Yan Li , Guanghui Lan , Tuo Zhao

We study the asymptotic optimality of abstraction-based control synthesis algorithms. Specifically, we consider uncertain MDP (UMDP) abstraction, and investigate whether refinement leads to optimal results, i.e., an optimal controller and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Ibon Gracia , Morteza Lahijanian

The transition kernel of a continuous-state-action Markov decision process (MDP) admits a natural tensor structure. This paper proposes a tensor-inspired unsupervised learning method to identify meaningful low-dimensional state and action…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-21 Chengzhuo Ni , Yaqi Duan , Munther Dahleh , Anru Zhang , Mengdi Wang
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