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This paper develops an approach to language identification in which the set of languages considered by the model depends on the geographic origin of the text in question. Given that many digital corpora can be geo-referenced at the country…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Jonathan Dunn , Lane Edwards-Brown

We provide a comprehensive investigation of different custom and off-the-shelf architectures as well as different approaches to generating feature vectors for offensive language detection. We also show that these approaches work well on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Harrison Uglow , Martin Zlocha , Szymon Zmyślony

This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of demographic and linguistic biases in omnimodal language models that process text, images, audio, and video within a single framework. Although these models are being widely deployed, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Alaa Elobaid

Social media platforms are deploying machine learning based offensive language classification systems to combat hateful, racist, and other forms of offensive speech at scale. However, despite their real-world deployment, we do not yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Jonathan Rusert , Zubair Shafiq , Padmini Srinivasan

Results reported in large-scale multilingual evaluations are often fragmented and confounded by factors such as target languages, differences in experimental setups, and model choices. We propose a framework that disentangles these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Songbo Hu , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

Language models now constitute essential tools for improving efficiency for many professional tasks such as writing, coding, or learning. For this reason, it is imperative to identify inherent biases. In the field of Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Rémy Decoupes , Roberto Interdonato , Mathieu Roche , Maguelonne Teisseire , Sarah Valentin

Language development experts need tools that can automatically identify languages from fluent, conversational speech, and provide reliable estimates of usage rates at the level of an individual recording. However, language identification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-31 Suzy J. Styles , Victoria Y. H. Chua , Fei Ting Woon , Hexin Liu , Leibny Paola Garcia Perera , Sanjeev Khudanpur , Andy W. H. Khong , Justin Dauwels

Identifying offensive content in social media is vital for creating safe online communities. Several recent studies have addressed this problem by creating datasets for various languages. In this paper, we explore offensive language…

While a large body of work inspects language models for biases concerning gender, race, occupation and religion, biases of geographical nature are relatively less explored. Some recent studies benchmark the degree to which large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kirti Bhagat , Kinshuk Vasisht , Danish Pruthi

As offensive content has become pervasive in social media, there has been much research in identifying potentially offensive messages. However, previous work on this topic did not consider the problem as a whole, but rather focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Marcos Zampieri , Shervin Malmasi , Preslav Nakov , Sara Rosenthal , Noura Farra , Ritesh Kumar

With the growing use of social media and its availability, many instances of the use of offensive language have been observed across multiple languages and domains. This phenomenon has given rise to the growing need to detect the offensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Kartikey Pant , Tanvi Dadu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted in educational settings. These applications expand beyond English, though current LLMs remain primarily English-centric. In this work, we ascertain if their use in education…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Vansh Gupta , Sankalan Pal Chowdhury , Vilém Zouhar , Donya Rooein , Mrinmaya Sachan

Estimating model performance without labels is an important goal for understanding how NLP models generalize. While prior work has proposed measures based on dataset similarity or predicted correctness, it remains unclear when these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Veronica Rammouz , Aaron Gonzalez , Carlos Cruzportillo , Adrian Tan , Nicole Beebe , Anthony Rios

There is increasing interest in looking at dialects in NLP. However, most work to date still treats dialects as discrete categories. For instance, evaluative work in variation-oriented NLP for English often works with Indian English or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ryan Soh-Eun Shim , Barbara Plank

Since state-of-the-art approaches to offensive language detection rely on supervised learning, it is crucial to quickly adapt them to the continuously evolving scenario of social media. While several approaches have been proposed to tackle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Elisa Leonardelli , Stefano Menini , Alessio Palmero Aprosio , Marco Guerini , Sara Tonelli

Large language models (LLMs) are known to exhibit demographic biases, yet few studies systematically evaluate these biases across multiple datasets or account for confounding factors. In this work, we examine LLM alignment with human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Shayan Alipour , Indira Sen , Mattia Samory , Tanushree Mitra

The problem of online offensive language limits the health and security of online users. It is essential to apply the latest state-of-the-art techniques in developing a system to detect online offensive language and to ensure social justice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Fatemah Husain , Ozlem Uzuner

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively tuned to mitigate explicit biases, yet they often exhibit subtle implicit biases rooted in their pre-training data. Rather than directly probing LLMs with human-crafted questions that may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Harsh Nishant Lalai , Raj Sanjay Shah , Jiaxin Pei , Sashank Varma , Yi-Chia Wang , Ali Emami

Text classification is an important topic in the field of natural language processing. It has been preliminarily applied in information retrieval, digital library, automatic abstracting, text filtering, word semantic discrimination and many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Hao Li , Brandon Bennett

Dialects introduce syntactic and lexical variations in language that occur in regional or social groups. Most NLP methods are not sensitive to such variations. This may lead to unfair behavior of the methods, conveying negative bias towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Maximilian Spliethöver , Sai Nikhil Menon , Henning Wachsmuth
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