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Neural network (NN) verification aims to formally verify properties of NNs, which is crucial for ensuring the behavior of NN-based models in safety-critical applications. In recent years, the community has developed many NN verifiers and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Xingjian Zhou , Keyi Shen , Andy Xu , Hongji Xu , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Huan Zhang , Zhouxing Shi

Most work on the formal verification of neural networks has focused on bounding the set of outputs that correspond to a given set of inputs (for example, bounded perturbations of a nominal input). However, many use cases of neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Suhas Kotha , Christopher Brix , Zico Kolter , Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Huan Zhang

Many approaches for verifying input-output properties of neural networks have been proposed recently. However, existing algorithms do not scale well to large networks. Recent work in the field of model compression studied binarized neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Christopher Lazarus , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

We investigate the computational complexity of neural network verification in quantised settings. We distinguish three classes of Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs): rational FNNs with exact rational weights, quantised FNNs whose weights…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Eric Alsmann , Martin Lange , Marco Sälzer

Binarized neural networks (BNNs) are feedforward neural networks with binary weights and activation functions. In the context of using a BNN for classification, the verification problem seeks to determine whether a small perturbation of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Woojin Kim , James R. Luedtke

Complete verification of deep neural networks (DNNs) can exactly determine whether the DNN satisfies a desired trustworthy property (e.g., robustness, fairness) on an infinite set of inputs or not. Despite the tremendous progress to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Shubham Ugare , Debangshu Banerjee , Sasa Misailovic , Gagandeep Singh

Deep neural networks (DNNs) enable high performance across domains but remain vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, limiting their use in safety-critical settings. Here, we introduce two quantum-optimization-based models for robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenxin Li , Wenchao Liu , Chuan Wang , Qi Gao , Yin Ma , Hai Wei , Kai Wen

Formal verification of neural networks (NNs) is a challenging and important problem. Existing efficient complete solvers typically require the branch-and-bound (BaB) process, which splits the problem domain into sub-domains and solves each…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Kaidi Xu , Huan Zhang , Shiqi Wang , Yihan Wang , Suman Jana , Xue Lin , Cho-Jui Hsieh

We improve the scalability of Branch and Bound (BaB) algorithms for formally proving input-output properties of neural networks. First, we propose novel bounding algorithms based on Lagrangian Decomposition. Previous works have used…

Neural network verification aims at providing formal guarantees on the output of trained neural networks, to ensure their robustness against adversarial examples and enable their deployment in safety-critical applications. This paper…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Haoruo Zhao , Hassan Hijazi , Haydn Jones , Juston Moore , Mathieu Tanneau , Pascal Van Hentenryck

The success of Deep Learning and its potential use in many safety-critical applications has motivated research on formal verification of Neural Network (NN) models. Despite the reputation of learned NN models to behave as black boxes and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Rudy Bunel , Ilker Turkaslan , Philip H. S. Torr , Pushmeet Kohli , M. Pawan Kumar

We introduce two algorithms for computing tight guarantees on the probabilistic robustness of Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs). Computing robustness guarantees for BNNs is a significantly more challenging task than verifying the robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Ben Batten , Mehran Hosseini , Alessio Lomuscio

Formal verification of neural networks is an active topic of research, and recent advances have significantly increased the size of the networks that verification tools can handle. However, most methods are designed for verification of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Thomas A. Henzinger , Mathias Lechner , Đorđe Žikelić

This paper explores methods for verifying the properties of Binary Neural Networks (BNNs), focusing on robustness against adversarial attacks. Despite their lower computational and memory needs, BNNs, like their full-precision counterparts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Jianting Yang , Srećko Ðurašinović , Jean-Bernard Lasserre , Victor Magron , Jun Zhao

Methods to certify the robustness of neural networks in the presence of input uncertainty are vital in safety-critical settings. Most certification methods in the literature are designed for adversarial or worst-case inputs, but researchers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Brendon G. Anderson , Somayeh Sojoudi

This paper addresses the problem of formally verifying desirable properties of neural networks, i.e., obtaining provable guarantees that neural networks satisfy specifications relating their inputs and outputs (robustness to bounded norm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Krishnamurthy , Dvijotham , Robert Stanforth , Sven Gowal , Timothy Mann , Pushmeet Kohli

A wide range of verification methods have been proposed to verify the safety properties of deep neural networks ensuring that the networks function correctly in critical applications. However, many well-known verification tools still…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Yuyi Zhong , Ruiwei Wang , Siau-Cheng Khoo

Neural network verification is a new and rapidly developing field of research. So far, the main priority has been establishing efficient verification algorithms and tools, while proper support from the programming language perspective has…

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are crucial in approximating nonlinear functions across diverse applications, ranging from image classification to control. Verifying specific input-output properties can be a highly challenging task due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Tianhao Wei , Hanjiang Hu , Luca Marzari , Kai S. Yun , Peizhi Niu , Xusheng Luo , Changliu Liu

Deep neural networks are widely used for nonlinear function approximation with applications ranging from computer vision to control. Although these networks involve the composition of simple arithmetic operations, it can be very challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Changliu Liu , Tomer Arnon , Christopher Lazarus , Christopher Strong , Clark Barrett , Mykel J. Kochenderfer