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Reliable and stable locomotion has been one of the most fundamental challenges for legged robots. Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) has emerged as a promising method for developing such control policies autonomously. In this paper, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Sehoon Ha , Peng Xu , Zhenyu Tan , Sergey Levine , Jie Tan

This paper presents a Q-learning framework for learning optimal locomotion gaits in robotic systems modeled as coupled rigid bodies. Inspired by prevalence of periodic gaits in bio-locomotion, an open loop periodic input is assumed to (say)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-02 Tixian Wang , Amirhossein Taghvaei , Prashant G. Mehta

Quadruped locomotion provides a natural setting for understanding when model-free learning can outperform model-based control design, by exploiting data patterns to bypass the difficulty of optimizing over discrete contacts and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ruipeng Zhang , Hongzhan Yu , Ya-Chien Chang , Chenghao Li , Henrik I. Christensen , Sicun Gao

Legged robots offer several advantages when navigating unstructured environments, but they often fall short of the efficiency achieved by wheeled robots. One promising strategy to improve their energy economy is to leverage their natural…

This paper presents a state-of-the-art optimal controller for quadruped locomotion. The robot dynamics is represented using a single rigid body (SRB) model. A linear time-varying model predictive controller (LTV MPC) is proposed by using…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Andrew Zheng , Sriram S. K. S Narayanan

This paper is dedicated to the development of a novel adaptive torsion spring mechanism for optimizing energy consumption in legged robots. By adjusting the equilibrium position and stiffness of the spring, the system improves energy…

Locomotion has seen dramatic progress for walking or running across challenging terrains. However, robotic quadrupeds are still far behind their biological counterparts, such as dogs, which display a variety of agile skills and can use the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Xuxin Cheng , Ashish Kumar , Deepak Pathak

Quadruped locomotion is rapidly maturing to a degree where robots now routinely traverse a variety of unstructured terrains. However, while gaits can be varied typically by selecting from a range of pre-computed styles, current planners are…

Energy efficiency is a critical factor in the performance and autonomy of quadrupedal robots. While previous research has focused on mechanical design and actuation improvements, the impact of gait parameters on energetics has been less…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yasser G. Alqaham , Jing Cheng , Zhenyu Gan

There is a growing interest in learning a velocity command tracking controller of quadruped robot using reinforcement learning due to its robustness and scalability. However, a single policy, trained end-to-end, usually shows a single gait…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Yunho Kim , Bukun Son , Dongjun Lee

Stabilizing legged robot locomotion on a dynamic rigid surface (DRS) (i.e., rigid surface that moves in the inertial frame) is a complex planning and control problem. The complexity arises due to the hybrid nonlinear walking dynamics…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Amir Iqbal , Yan Gu

In this letter, we present a method for integrating central pattern generators (CPGs), i.e. systems of coupled oscillators, into the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework to produce robust and omnidirectional quadruped locomotion. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Guillaume Bellegarda , Auke Ijspeert

Gait generation for soft robots is challenging due to the nonlinear dynamics and high dimensional input spaces of soft actuators. Limitations in soft robotic control and perception force researchers to hand-craft open loop controllers for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jake Ketchum , Sophia Schiffer , Muchen Sun , Pranav Kaarthik , Ryan L. Truby , Todd D. Murphey

Impressive animal locomotion capabilities are mediated by the co-evolution of the skeletal morphology and muscular properties. Legged robot performance would also likely benefit from the co-optimization of actuators and leg morphology.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Karthik Urs , Challen Enninful Adu , Elliott J. Rouse , Talia Y. Moore

Some of the most challenging environments on our planet are accessible to quadrupedal animals but remain out of reach for autonomous machines. Legged locomotion can dramatically expand the operational domains of robotics. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Joonho Lee , Jemin Hwangbo , Lorenz Wellhausen , Vladlen Koltun , Marco Hutter

This paper presents a data-driven strategy to streamline the deployment of model-based controllers in legged robotic hardware platforms. Our approach leverages a model-free safe learning algorithm to automate the tuning of control gains,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Daniel Widmer , Dongho Kang , Bhavya Sukhija , Jonas Hübotter , Andreas Krause , Stelian Coros

Modern quadrupeds are skillful in traversing or even sprinting on uneven terrains in a remote uncontrolled environment. However, survival in the wild requires not only maneuverability, but also the ability to handle potential critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Dikai Liu , Tianwei Zhang , Jianxiong Yin , Simon See

In this paper, with a view toward fast deployment of learned locomotion gaits in low-cost hardware, we generate a library of walking trajectories, namely, forward trot, backward trot, side-step, and turn in our custom-built quadruped robot,…

Agile and adaptive maneuvers such as fall recovery, high-speed turning, and sprinting in the wild are challenging for legged systems. We propose a Curricular Hindsight Reinforcement Learning (CHRL) that learns an end-to-end tracking…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Sicen Li , Yiming Pang , Panju Bai , Zhaojin Liu , Jiawei Li , Shihao Hu , Liquan Wang , Gang Wang

Recently reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for quadrupedal locomotion, which can save the manual effort in conventional approaches such as designing skill-specific controllers. However, due to the complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Haojie Shi , Bo Zhou , Hongsheng Zeng , Fan Wang , Yueqiang Dong , Jiangyong Li , Kang Wang , Hao Tian , Max Q. -H. Meng