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Despite strong performance in visual understanding and language-based reasoning, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) struggle with tasks requiring integrated perception and symbolic computation. We study this limitation through visual equation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Monjoy Narayan Choudhury , Junling Wang , Yifan Hou , Mrinmaya Sachan

Humans perform visual perception at multiple levels, including low-level object recognition and high-level semantic interpretation such as behavior understanding. Subtle differences in low-level details can lead to substantial changes in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Guanzhen Li , Yuxi Xie , Min-Yen Kan

Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR) calls for explanatory reasoning behind question answering over visual scenes. To achieve this goal, a model is required to provide an acceptable rationale as the reason for the predicted answers. Progress…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zhenyang Li , Yangyang Guo , Kejie Wang , Xiaolin Chen , Liqiang Nie , Mohan Kankanhalli

Visual-language models (VLM) have emerged as a powerful tool for learning a unified embedding space for vision and language. Inspired by large language models, which have demonstrated strong reasoning and multi-task capabilities, visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yifan Li , Zhixin Lai , Wentao Bao , Zhen Tan , Anh Dao , Kewei Sui , Jiayi Shen , Dong Liu , Huan Liu , Yu Kong

Visual Language Models (VLMs) are powerful generative tools but often produce factually inaccurate outputs due to a lack of robust reasoning capabilities. While extensive research has been conducted on integrating external knowledge for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Shamima Hossain

Imagine observing someone scratching their arm; to understand why, additional context would be necessary. However, spotting a mosquito nearby would immediately offer a likely explanation for the person's discomfort, thereby alleviating the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Nitzan Bitton-Guetta , Aviv Slobodkin , Aviya Maimon , Eliya Habba , Royi Rassin , Yonatan Bitton , Idan Szpektor , Amir Globerson , Yuval Elovici

Recent research looks to harness the general knowledge and reasoning of large language models (LLMs) into agents that accomplish user-specified goals in interactive environments. Vision-language models (VLMs) extend LLMs to multi-modal data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jake Grigsby , Yuke Zhu , Michael Ryoo , Juan Carlos Niebles

Vision Large Language Models (VLMs) combine visual understanding with natural language processing, enabling tasks like image captioning, visual question answering, and video analysis. While VLMs show impressive capabilities across domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ahmed Sharshar , Latif U. Khan , Waseem Ullah , Mohsen Guizani

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) excel in various vision-language tasks. Yet, their robustness to visual variations in position, scale, orientation, and context that objects in natural scenes inevitably exhibit due to changes in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhiyuan Fan , Yumeng Wang , Sandeep Polisetty , Yi R. Fung

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown impressive zero- and few-shot performance on real-world visual question answering (VQA) benchmarks, alluding to their capabilities as visual reasoning engines. However, the benchmarks being used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Aishik Nagar , Shantanu Jaiswal , Cheston Tan

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly adapted through domain-specific fine-tuning, yet it remains unclear whether this improves reasoning beyond superficial visual cues, particularly in high-stakes domains like medicine. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Oliver McLaughlin , Daniel Shubin , Carsten Eickhoff , Ritambhara Singh , William Rudman , Michal Golovanevsky

Vision-language models (VLMs) have become a promising approach to enhancing perception and decision-making in autonomous driving. The gap remains in applying VLMs to understand complex scenarios interacting with pedestrians and efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Haoxiang Gao , Li Zhang , Yu Zhao , Zhou Yang , Jinghan Cao

Vision Language Models (VLMs) are impressive at visual question answering and image captioning. But they underperform on multi-step visual reasoning -- even compared to LLMs on the same tasks presented in text form -- giving rise to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Simon Park , Abhishek Panigrahi , Yun Cheng , Dingli Yu , Anirudh Goyal , Sanjeev Arora

Data visualizations are powerful tools for communicating patterns in quantitative data. Yet understanding any data visualization is no small feat -- succeeding requires jointly making sense of visual, numerical, and linguistic inputs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Arnav Verma , Kushin Mukherjee , Christopher Potts , Elisa Kreiss , Judith E. Fan

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at reasoning in linguistic space but struggle with perceptual understanding that requires dense visual perception, e.g., spatial reasoning and geometric awareness. This limitation stems from the fact that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yiming Qin , Bomin Wei , Jiaxin Ge , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Stephanie Fu , Trevor Darrell , XuDong Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are trained on data snapshots of documents, including images and texts. Their training data and evaluation benchmarks are typically static, implicitly treating factual knowledge as time-invariant. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Seyed Mahed Mousavi , Christian Moiola , Massimo Rizzoli , Simone Alghisi , Giuseppe Riccardi

Large vision-language models (VLMs) can assist visually impaired people by describing images from their daily lives. Current evaluation datasets may not reflect diverse cultural user backgrounds or the situational context of this use case.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Antonia Karamolegkou , Phillip Rust , Yong Cao , Ruixiang Cui , Anders Søgaard , Daniel Hershcovich

Cross-modal entity linking refers to the ability to align entities and their attributes across different modalities. While cross-modal entity linking is a fundamental skill needed for real-world applications such as multimodal code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Iñigo Alonso , Gorka Azkune , Ander Salaberria , Jeremy Barnes , Oier Lopez de Lacalle

Recent advancements in language and vision assistants have showcased impressive capabilities but suffer from a lack of transparency, limiting broader research and reproducibility. While open-source models handle general image tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Geewook Kim , Minjoon Seo

Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmarks have largely emphasized perception-based tasks that can be solved from visual content alone. In contrast, many real-world scenarios require external knowledge that is not directly observable in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Basel Shbita , Pengyuan Li , Anna Lisa Gentile