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Self-training (ST) is a simple yet effective semi-supervised learning method. However, why and how ST improves generalization performance by using potentially erroneous pseudo-labels is still not well understood. To deepen the understanding…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-08 Takashi Takahashi

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages abundant unlabeled data alongside limited labeled data to enhance learning. As vision foundation models (VFMs) increasingly serve as the backbone of vision applications, it remains unclear how SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Ping Zhang , Zheda Mai , Quang-Huy Nguyen , Wei-Lun Chao

Remote sensing projects typically generate large amounts of imagery that can be used to train powerful deep neural networks. However, the amount of labeled images is often small, as remote sensing applications generally require expert…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Maximilian Bernhard , Tanveer Hannan , Niklas Strauß , Matthias Schubert

Models capable of leveraging unlabelled data are crucial in overcoming large distribution gaps between the acquired datasets across different imaging devices and configurations. In this regard, self-training techniques based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Negin Ghamsarian , Javier Gamazo Tejero , Pablo Márquez Neila , Sebastian Wolf , Martin Zinkernagel , Klaus Schoeffmann , Raphael Sznitman

Recently, pseudo label based semi-supervised learning has achieved great success in many fields. The core idea of the pseudo label based semi-supervised learning algorithm is to use the model trained on the labeled data to generate pseudo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Zeping Min , Qian Ge , Cheng Tai

3D segmentation is a core problem in computer vision and, similarly to many other dense prediction tasks, it requires large amounts of annotated data for adequate training. However, densely labeling 3D point clouds to employ…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Ozan Unal , Christos Sakaridis , Luc Van Gool

Unlike traditional supervised learning, in many settings only partial feedback is available. We may only observe outcomes for the chosen actions, but not the counterfactual outcomes associated with other alternatives. Such settings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Ruijiang Gao , Max Biggs , Wei Sun , Ligong Han

The goal of semi-supervised learning is to utilize the unlabeled, in-domain dataset U to improve models trained on the labeled dataset D. Under the context of large-scale language-model (LM) pretraining, how we can make the best use of U is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Zijun Sun , Chun Fan , Xiaofei Sun , Yuxian Meng , Fei Wu , Jiwei Li

Language model pre-training has proven to be useful in many language understanding tasks. In this paper, we investigate whether it is still helpful to add the self-training method in the pre-training step and the fine-tuning step. Towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Tong Guo

In the field of semi-supervised medical image segmentation, the shortage of labeled data is the fundamental problem. How to effectively learn image features from unlabeled images to improve segmentation accuracy is the main research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Zhanhong Qiu , Haitao Gan , Ming Shi , Zhongwei Huang , Zhi Yang

Partial label learning deals with the problem where each training instance is assigned a set of candidate labels, only one of which is correct. This paper provides the first attempt to leverage the idea of self-training for dealing with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Lei Feng , Bo An

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a popular setting aiming to effectively utilize unlabelled data to improve model performance in downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Currently, there are two popular approaches to make use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Zhengxiang Shi , Francesco Tonolini , Nikolaos Aletras , Emine Yilmaz , Gabriella Kazai , Yunlong Jiao

Existing weakly or semi-supervised semantic segmentation methods utilize image or box-level supervision to generate pseudo-labels for weakly labeled images. However, due to the lack of strong supervision, the generated pseudo-labels are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Md Amirul Islam , Matthew Kowal , Sen Jia , Konstantinos G. Derpanis , Neil D. B. Bruce

It is well known that for some tasks, labeled data sets may be hard to gather. Therefore, we wished to tackle here the problem of having insufficient training data. We examined learning methods from unlabeled data after an initial training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-06 Gal Hyams , Daniel Greenfeld , Dor Bank

Recent semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods are commonly based on pseudo labeling. Since the SSL performance is greatly influenced by the quality of pseudo labels, mutual learning has been proposed to effectively suppress the noises in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Pan Zhang , Bo Zhang , Ting Zhang , Dong Chen , Fang Wen

Using deep learning, we now have the ability to create exceptionally good semantic segmentation systems; however, collecting the prerequisite pixel-wise annotations for training images remains expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Aneesh Rangnekar , Christopher Kanan , Matthew Hoffman

Training deep neural networks requires massive amounts of training data, but for many tasks only limited labeled data is available. This makes weak supervision attractive, using weak or noisy signals like the output of heuristic methods or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Mostafa Dehghani , Aliaksei Severyn , Sascha Rothe , Jaap Kamps

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has witnessed great progress with various improvements in the self-training framework with pseudo labeling. The main challenge is how to distinguish high-quality pseudo labels against the confirmation bias.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Siyuan Li , Weiyang Jin , Zedong Wang , Fang Wu , Zicheng Liu , Cheng Tan , Stan Z. Li

Neural networks have demonstrated exceptional performance in supervised learning, benefiting from abundant high-quality annotated data. However, obtaining such data in real-world scenarios is costly and labor-intensive. Semi-supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shuai Zhao , Heyan Huang , Xinge Li , Xiaokang Chen , Rui Wang

Deep neural networks for time series must capture complex temporal patterns, to effectively represent dynamic data. Self- and semi-supervised learning methods show promising results in pre-training large models, which -- when finetuned for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Yuhan Xie , William Cappelletti , Mahsa Shoaran , Pascal Frossard