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Semantic communications mark a paradigm shift from bit-accurate transmission toward meaning-centric communication, essential as wireless systems approach theoretical capacity limits. The emergence of generative AI has catalyzed generative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Hai-Long Qin , Jincheng Dai , Guo Lu , Shuo Shao , Sixian Wang , Tongda Xu , Wenjun Zhang , Ping Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

Diffusion models and flow-matching models have enabled generating diverse and realistic images by learning to transfer noise to data. However, sampling from these models involves iterative denoising over many neural network passes, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kevin Frans , Danijar Hafner , Sergey Levine , Pieter Abbeel

Prior methods for controlling image generation are limited in their ability to be taught new tasks. In contrast, vision-language models, or VLMs, can learn tasks in-context and produce the correct outputs for a given input. We propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Grace Luo , Jonathan Granskog , Aleksander Holynski , Trevor Darrell

Deep generative models (DGM) are neural networks with many hidden layers trained to approximate complicated, high-dimensional probability distributions using a large number of samples. When trained successfully, we can use the DGMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Lars Ruthotto , Eldad Haber

Generative Models are a valuable tool for the controlled creation of high-quality image data. Controlled diffusion models like the ControlNet have allowed the creation of labeled distributions. Such synthetic datasets can augment the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Joshua Niemeijer , Jan Ehrhardt , Heinz Handels , Hristina Uzunova

Autonomous driving requires an understanding of the static environment from sensor data. Learned Bird's-Eye View (BEV) encoders are commonly used to fuse multiple inputs, and a vector decoder predicts a vectorized map representation from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Thomas Monninger , Zihan Zhang , Zhipeng Mo , Md Zafar Anwar , Steffen Staab , Sihao Ding

Foundation models enable prompt-based classifiers for zero-shot and few-shot learning. Nonetheless, the conventional method of employing fixed prompts suffers from distributional shifts that negatively impact generalizability to unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yingjun Du , Gaowen Liu , Yuzhang Shang , Yuguang Yao , Ramana Kompella , Cees G. M. Snoek

We propose a novel generative saliency prediction framework that adopts an informative energy-based model as a prior distribution. The energy-based prior model is defined on the latent space of a saliency generator network that generates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Jing Zhang , Jianwen Xie , Nick Barnes , Ping Li

Diffusion models have shown incredible capabilities as generative models; indeed, they power the current state-of-the-art models on text-conditioned image generation such as Imagen and DALL-E 2. In this work we review, demystify, and unify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Calvin Luo

We present an automated way to evaluate the text alignment of text-to-image generative diffusion models using standard image-text recognition datasets. Our method, called SelfEval, uses the generative model to compute the likelihood of real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Sai Saketh Rambhatla , Ishan Misra

Recently, diffusion-based deep generative models (e.g., Stable Diffusion) have shown impressive results in text-to-image synthesis. However, current text-to-image models often require multiple passes of prompt engineering by humans in order…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Tingfeng Cao , Chengyu Wang , Bingyan Liu , Ziheng Wu , Jinhui Zhu , Jun Huang

We present a generative predictive control (GPC) framework that amortizes sampling-based Model Predictive Control (SPC) by bootstrapping it with conditional flow-matching models trained on SPC control sequences collected in simulation.…

Text-to-image generation has witnessed great progress, especially with the recent advancements in diffusion models. Since texts cannot provide detailed conditions like object appearance, reference images are usually leveraged for the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Zhiqi Huang , Huixin Xiong , Haoyu Wang , Longguang Wang , Zhiheng Li

Diffusion probabilistic models have achieved enormous success in the field of image generation and manipulation. In this paper, we explore a novel paradigm of using the diffusion model and classifier guidance in the latent semantic space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Changhao Shi , Haomiao Ni , Kai Li , Shaobo Han , Mingfu Liang , Martin Renqiang Min

In the rapidly advancing realm of visual generation, diffusion models have revolutionized the landscape, marking a significant shift in capabilities with their impressive text-guided generative functions. However, relying solely on text for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Pu Cao , Feng Zhou , Qing Song , Lu Yang

A promise of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) is to provide cheap photorealistic data for training and validating AI models in autonomous driving. Despite their huge success, their performance on complex images featuring multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-17 George Eskandar , Youssef Farag , Tarun Yenamandra , Daniel Cremers , Karim Guirguis , Bin Yang

Continuous Conditional Diffusion Model (CCDM) is a diffusion-based framework designed to generate high-quality images conditioned on continuous regression labels. Although CCDM has demonstrated clear advantages over prior approaches across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xin Ding , Yun Chen , Sen Zhang , Kao Zhang , Nenglun Chen , Peibei Cao , Yongwei Wang , Fei Wu

This paper explores the challenges and benefits of a trainable destruction process in diffusion samplers -- diffusion-based generative models trained to sample an unnormalised density without access to data samples. Contrary to the majority…

Discrete diffusion models form a powerful class of generative models across diverse domains, including text and graphs. However, existing approaches face fundamental limitations. Masked diffusion models suffer from irreversible errors due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Marcel Kollovieh , Sirine Ayadi , Stephan Günnemann

Machine unlearning aims to remove specific outputs from trained models, often at the concept level, such as forgetting all occurrences of a particular celebrity or filtering content via text prompts. However, many undesired outputs, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Kyungryeol Lee , Kyeonghyun Lee , Seongmin Hong , Byung Hyun Lee , Se Young Chun