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We derive a version of the virial theorem that is applicable to diatomic planetary atmospheres that are in approximate thermal equilibrium at moderate temperatures and pressures and are sufficiently thin such that the gravitational…

General Physics · Physics 2010-09-23 Viktor T. Toth

A continuum version of the virial theorem is derived for a radiating self-gravitating accretion disc around a compact object. The central object is point-like, but we can avoid the regularization of its gravitational potential. This is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-04-19 Patryk Mach

This paper introduces several new classes of mathematical structures that have close connections with physics and with the theory of dynamical systems. The most general of these structures, called indivisible stochastic processes,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Jacob A. Barandes

Diffusive molecular dynamics is a novel model for materials with atomistic resolution that can reach diffusive time scales. The main ideas of diffusive molecular dynamics are to first minimize an approximate variational Gaussian free energy…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-06-09 Gideon Simpson , Mitchell Luskin , David J. Srolovitz

In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of two layers of immiscible, inviscid, incompressible, and irrotational fluids through a full nonlinear system. Our goal is to establish a virial theorem and prove the polynomial growth of slope and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Haocheng Yang

It is proved that in non-relativistic quantum mechanics (without spin) the transition probability may be described in terms of particle paths, every path having a (positive) probability. This leads to a stochastic hidden variables theory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-30 Emilio Santos

Using the formalism of stochastic embedding developed by [J. Cresson, D. Darses, J. Math. Phys. 48, 072703 (2007)], we study how the dynamics of the classical Newton equation for a force deriving from a potential is deformed under the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-07-21 Jacky Cresson , Laurent Nottale , Thierry Lehner

This paper uses dynamical invariants to describe the evolution of collisionless systems subject to time-dependent gravitational forces without resorting to maximum-entropy probabilities. We show that collisionless relaxation can be viewed…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-03 Jorge Peñarrubia

The virial theorem relates averages of kinetic energy and forces in confined systems. It is widely used to relate stresses in molecular simulation as measured at a boundary and in the interior of a system. In periodic systems, the theorem…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-02-27 A. C. Maggs

We discuss the development and physics of the cosmic virial theorem and its traditional application as an indicator of the cosmic mean density. The standard result that the density must be sub-critical relies on the assumption that the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 James G. Bartlett , Alain Blanchard

Hybrid metric-Palatini gravity is a recently proposed theory, consisting of the superposition of the metric Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian with an $f(\cal R)$ term constructed \`{a} la Palatini. The theory predicts the existence of a…

We formulate and study a generalized virial theorem for contact Hamiltonian systems. Such systems describe mechanical systems in the presence of simple dissipative forces such as Rayleigh friction, or the vertical motion of a particle…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Aritra Ghosh

The development of a mechanics of non-differentiable paths suggested by Scale Relativity results in a foundation of Quantum Mechanics including Schr\"odinger's equation and all the other axioms under the assumption the path…

General Physics · Physics 2017-10-11 Stephan LeBohec

We reinterpret the spectral dimension of spacetimes as the scaling of an effective self-energy transition amplitude in quantum field theory (QFT), when the system is probed at a given resolution. This picture has four main advantages: (a)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-13 Gianluca Calcagni , Leonardo Modesto , Giuseppe Nardelli

We present a new theorem describing stable solutions for a driven quantum system. The theorem, coined `inertial theorem', is applicable for fast driving, provided the acceleration rate is small. The theorem states that in the inertial limit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-29 Roie Dann , Ronnie Kosloff

We derive the (d-dimensional) periodic incompressible and viscous Camassa-Holm equation as well as the Leray-alpha equations via a stochastic variational principle. We discuss the existence of solution for this equation in the space H1…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-05 Ana Bela Cruzeiro , Guoping Liu

Using thermodynamic relations and dimensional analysis we derive a general formula for the thermodynamical trace $2\mathcal{E}-DP$ for non-relativistic systems and $\mathcal{E-DP}$ for relativistic systems, where $D$ is the number of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-05-04 Chris L. Lin , Carlos R. Ordonez

Classically general covariance is found from the idea that a vector is a physical quantity which exists independently of choice of coordinate system and is unchanged by a change of coordinate system. It is often assumed that there exists…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles Francis

The theory of causal fermion systems is a recent approach to fundamental physics. Giving quantum mechanics, general relativity and quantum field theory as limiting cases, it is a candidate for a unified physical theory. The dynamics is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-09-25 Felix Finster

We derive the virial theorem of the relativistic two-body system for the study of the B-meson physics. It is also shown that the solution of the variational equation always satisfies the virial theorem. From the virial theorem we also…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-28 Dae Sung Hwang , C. S. Kim , Wuk Namgung