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We consider the stochastic background of gravity waves produced by first-order cosmological phase transitions from two types of sources: colliding bubbles and hydrodynamic turbulence. First we discuss the fluid mechanics of relativistic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Marc Kamionkowski , Arthur Kosowsky , Michael S. Turner

We study the thermodynamics of the electroweak theory at a finite lepton number density. The phase diagram of the theory is calculated by relating the full 4-dimensional theory to a 3-dimensional effective theory which has been previously…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Gynther

We investigate the effects of a large-scale background hypermagnetic field on the electroweak phase transition. We propose a model in which an effective weak angle varies during the electroweak phase transition and upon its use we show…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-05-31 H. Abedi , M. Ahmadvand , S. S. Gousheh

The phase transition in the Weinberg-Salam-Glashow (GSW) electroweak theory extended by the majoron and dilaton field is considered. The possibility of the boson condensation in the extreme conditions in the standard electroweak theory is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Ma'nka

We analyse the dynamics of the relativistic bubble expansion during the first order phase transition focusing on the ultra relativistic velocities $\gamma\gg 1$. We show that fields much heavier than the scale of the phase transition can…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-03 Aleksandr Azatov , Miguel Vanvlasselaer

We study how out-of-equilibrium effects modify the steady-state propagation of bubble walls during a cosmological first-order electroweak phase transition. Going beyond the local thermal equilibrium approximation, we numerically solve the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-28 Carlo Branchina , Angela Conaci , Stefania De Curtis , Luigi Delle Rose

We study the gravitational wave phenomenology in models of solitosynthesis. In such models, a first order phase transition is precipitated by a period in which non-topological solitons with a conserved global charge (Q-balls) accumulate…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-04-29 Djuna Croon , Alexander Kusenko , Anupam Mazumdar , Graham White

This study undertakes a reconsideration of the potential for a first-order electroweak phase transition, focusing on the next-to-minimal two Higgs doublet model (N2HDM). Our exploration spans diverse parameter spaces associated with the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-04-17 Arnab Chaudhuri , Kazunori Kohri

We propose a novel mechanism where a first-order phase transition modulates the decay rate of a massive field. This modulation, even if the scalar field has negligible energy density, subsequently generates an observable stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-11 Xiao-Bin Sui , Jing Liu , Rong-Gen Cai

We investigate the possibility of a strong first-order electroweak phase transition during the early universe within the framework of the gauged two-Higgs doublet model (G2HDM) and explore its detectability through stochastic gravitational…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-08-12 Michael J. Ramsey-Musolf , Van Que Tran , Tzu-Chiang Yuan

Standard theories of electroweak interactions are based on the concept of a gauge symmetry broken by the Higgs mechanism. If they are placed in an environment with a sufficiently high temperature, the symmetry gets restored. It turns out…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-23 M. Laine

We perform a nonperturbative study of the electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in the two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) by deriving a dimensionally reduced high-temperature effective theory for the model, and matching to known results for the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-11-21 Jens O. Andersen , Tyler Gorda , Andreas Helset , Lauri Niemi , Tuomas V. I. Tenkanen , Anders Tranberg , Aleksi Vuorinen , David J. Weir

We consider an extension of the Standard Model with a complex singlet scalar, where a global $U(1)$ symmetry is explicitly broken to $\mathbb{Z}_3$ symmetry. We study the two-step electroweak phase transition in the model and find that it…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-07-20 Cheng-Wei Chiang , Bo-Qiang Lu

This project is aimed at studying the first-order phase transitions, that is presumed to have ensued in the early universe, and its consequences on the primordial gravitational waves. The effects of bubble nucleation, growth, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-12 Yashmitha Kumaran

Computing the properties of the bubble wall of a cosmological first order phase transition at electroweak scale is of paramount importance for the correct prediction of the baryon asymmetry of the universe and the spectrum of gravitational…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-23 Marek Lewicki , Marco Merchand , Mateusz Zych

We study the gravitational wave (GW) production in extremely strong first order phase transitions where the latent heat density dominates the plasma energy density, $\alpha \gtrsim 1$. In such transitions, bubbles develop extremely thin and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-16 Ryusuke Jinno , Hyeonseok Seong , Masahiro Takimoto , Choong Min Um

Standard electroweak baryogenesis in the context of a first order phase transition is effective in generating the baryon asymmetry of the universe if the broken phase bubbles expand at subsonic speed, so that CP asymmetric currents can…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-03 Chiara Caprini , Jose M. No

We study the electroweak phase transition in the alignment limit of the CP-conserving two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) of Type I and Type II. The effective potential is evaluated at one-loop, where the thermal potential includes Daisy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-07-04 Jérémy Bernon , Ligong Bian , Yun Jiang

First-order phase transitions in the early Universe are a well-motivated source of gravitational waves (GWs). In this Letter, we identify a previously overlooked GW production mechanism: gravitational transition radiation, arising from…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-09 Wen-Yuan Ai

We investigate whether the universe was homogeneously in the false vacuum state at the critical temperature of a weakly first-order phase transition such as the electroweak phase transition in terms of a series of numerical simulations of a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-30 Masahide Yamaguchi , Jun'ichi Yokoyama