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Causal representation learning (CRL) offers the promise of uncovering the underlying causal model by which observed data was generated, but the practical applicability of existing methods remains limited by the strong assumptions required…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yuhang Liu , Zhen Zhang , Dong Gong , Erdun Gao , Biwei Huang , Mingming Gong , Anton van den Hengel , Kun Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

One of the central elements of any causal inference is an object called structural causal model (SCM), which represents a collection of mechanisms and exogenous sources of random variation of the system under investigation (Pearl, 2000). An…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Kevin Xia , Kai-Zhan Lee , Yoshua Bengio , Elias Bareinboim

Massive data collection holds the promise of a better understanding of complex phenomena and, ultimately, better decisions. Representation learning has become a key driver of deep learning applications, as it allows learning latent spaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Caroline Uhler , Jiaqi Zhang

Inferring causal relationships from observational data is rarely straightforward, but the problem is especially difficult in high dimensions. For these applications, causal discovery algorithms typically require parametric restrictions or…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-29 David S. Watson , Ricardo Silva

It is a long-standing question to discover causal relations among a set of variables in many empirical sciences. Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved promising results in causal discovery from observational data. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Xiaoqiang Wang , Yali Du , Shengyu Zhu , Liangjun Ke , Zhitang Chen , Jianye Hao , Jun Wang

The motivation of this study is to leverage recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence research to unlock novel solutions to important scientific problems encountered in computational science. To address the human intelligence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Maxime Bassenne , Adrián Lozano-Durán

It has become increasingly common nowadays to collect observations of feature and response pairs from different environments. As a consequence, one has to apply learned predictors to data with a different distribution due to distribution…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-31 Kang Du , Yu Xiang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can enable agents to learn complex tasks. However, it is difficult to interpret the knowledge and reuse it across tasks. Inductive biases can address such issues by explicitly providing generic yet useful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Thomas Schnürer , Malte Probst , Horst-Michael Gross

Discovering and exploiting the causal structure in the environment is a crucial challenge for intelligent agents. Here we explore whether causal reasoning can emerge via meta-reinforcement learning. We train a recurrent network with…

In causal models, a given mechanism is assumed to be invariant to changes of other mechanisms. While this principle has been utilized for inference in settings where the causal variables are observed, theoretical insights when the variables…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-07 Simon Bing , Jonas Wahl , Urmi Ninad , Jakob Runge

Learning representations purely from observations concerns the problem of learning a low-dimensional, compact representation which is beneficial to prediction models. Under the hypothesis that the intrinsic latent factors follow some casual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Mengyue Yang , Xinyu Cai , Furui Liu , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang

Causal representation learning seeks to uncover causal relationships among high-level latent variables from low-level, entangled, and noisy observations. Existing approaches often either rely on deep neural networks, which lack…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-27 Wenjin Zhang , Yixin Wang , Yuqi Gu

Causal representation learning has showed a variety of settings in which we can disentangle latent variables with identifiability guarantees (up to some reasonable equivalence class). Common to all of these approaches is the assumption that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Amin Mansouri , Jason Hartford , Yan Zhang , Yoshua Bengio

In this work, we propose a novel algorithmic framework for data sharing and coordinated exploration for the purpose of learning more data-efficient and better performing policies under a concurrent reinforcement learning (CRL) setting. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-01 Tim Tse , Isaac Chan , Zhitang Chen

Language models are typically trained to predict the next token in a sequence. Here, we explore an alternative predictive principle from reinforcement learning: Successor Representations (SRs), which model the expected discounted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mathis Immertreu , Achim Schilling , Thomas Kinfe , Patrick Krauss

Reasoning at multiple levels of temporal abstraction is one of the key attributes of intelligence. In reinforcement learning, this is often modeled through temporally extended courses of actions called options. Options allow agents to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Marlos C. Machado , Andre Barreto , Doina Precup , Michael Bowling

Constraint-based structure learning algorithms infer the causal structure of multivariate systems from observational data by determining an equivalent class of causal structures compatible with the conditional independencies in the data.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-22 Daniel Chicharro , Stefano Panzeri , Ilya Shpitser

Causal representation learning (CRL) has garnered increasing interest from the causal inference and artificial intelligence communities due to its potential to disentangle complex data-generating mechanism into causally interpretable latent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-28 Hao Chen , Lin Liu , Yu Guang Wang

Autonomous operations of robots in unknown environments are challenging due to the lack of knowledge of the dynamics of the interactions, such as the objects' movability. This work introduces a novel Causal Reinforcement Learning approach…

In designing generative models, it is commonly believed that in order to learn useful latent structure, we face a fundamental tension between expressivity and structure. In this paper we challenge this view by proposing a new approach to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-03 Alex Markham , Isaac Hirsch , Jeri A. Chang , Liam Solus , Bryon Aragam