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In this article, we revisit and expand our prior work on graph similarity. As with our earlier work, we focus on a view of similarity which does not require node correspondence between graphs under comparison. Our work is suited to the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Pierre Miasnikof , Alexander Y. Shetopaloff

Spectral Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are gaining attention for their ability to surpass the limitations of message-passing GNNs. They rely on supervision from downstream tasks to learn spectral filters that capture the graph signal's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Junjie Xu , Enyan Dai , Dongsheng Luo , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success in diverse real-world applications. Traditional GNNs are designed based on homophily, which leads to poor performance under heterophily scenarios. Current solutions deal with…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Fengzhao Shi , Ren Li , Yanan Cao , Yanmin Shang , Lanxue Zhang , Chuan Zhou , Jia Wu , Shirui Pan

We reveal a one-class homophily phenomenon, which is one prevalent property we find empirically in real-world graph anomaly detection (GAD) datasets, i.e., normal nodes tend to have strong connection/affinity with each other, while the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Hezhe Qiao , Guansong Pang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful technique for learning on relational data. Owing to the relatively limited number of message passing steps they perform -- and hence a smaller receptive field -- there has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Ameya Velingker , Ali Kemal Sinop , Ira Ktena , Petar Veličković , Sreenivas Gollapudi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for semi-supervised node classification tasks. However, recent studies have revealed various biases in GNNs stemming from both node features and graph topology. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Haoyu Han , Xiaorui Liu , Feng Shi , MohamadAli Torkamani , Charu C. Aggarwal , Jiliang Tang

Heterogeneity is a key aspect of complex networks, often emerging by looking at the distribution of node properties, from the milestone observations on the degree to the recent developments in mixing pattern estimation. Mixing patterns, in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Salvatore Citraro , Letizia Milli , Rémy Cazabet , Giulio Rossetti

Heterophily has been considered as an issue that hurts the performance of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). To address this issue, some existing work uses a graph-level weighted fusion of the information of multi-hop neighbors to include more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Yuhan Chen , Yihong Luo , Jing Tang , Liang Yang , Siya Qiu , Chuan Wang , Xiaochun Cao

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are known to be vulnerable to oversmoothing due to their implicit homophily assumption. We mitigate this problem with a novel scheme that regulates the aggregation of messages, modulating the type and extent of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haishan Wang , Arno Solin , Vikas Garg

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) show strong expressive power on graph data mining, by aggregating information from neighbors and using the integrated representation in the downstream tasks. The same aggregation methods and parameters for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Xiaojun Ma , Qin Chen , Yuanyi Ren , Guojie Song , Liang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved great success but are often considered to be challenged by varying levels of homophily in graphs. Recent \textit{empirical} studies have surprisingly shown that homophilic GNNs can perform well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Ming Gu , Zhuonan Zheng , Sheng Zhou , Meihan Liu , Jiawei Chen , Tanyu Qiao , Liangcheng Li , Jiajun Bu

Graph classification plays an important role is data mining, and various methods have been developed recently for classifying graphs. In this paper, we propose a novel method for graph classification that is based on homotopy equivalence of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Alexander V. Evako

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to memorize their training data, yet similar analyses for graph neural networks (GNNs) remain largely under-explored. We introduce NCMemo (Node Classification Memorization), the first framework to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Adarsh Jamadandi , Jing Xu , Adam Dziedzic , Franziska Boenisch

Recently, many carefully crafted graph representation learning methods have achieved impressive performance on either strong heterophilic or homophilic graphs, but not both. Therefore, they are incapable of generalizing well across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Bingheng Li , Erlin Pan , Zhao Kang

Graphs are ubiquitous for modeling complex relationships between objects across various fields. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become a mainstream technique for graph-based applications, but their performance heavily relies on abundant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Xingtong Yu , Jie Zhang , Yuan Fang , Renhe Jiang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown promise in addressing graph-related problems, including node classification. However, conventional GNNs assume an even distribution of data across classes, which is often not the case in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Zirui Liang , Yuntao Li , Tianjin Huang , Akrati Saxena , Yulong Pei , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Semi-supervised graph anomaly detection (GAD) utilizes a small set of labeled normal nodes to identify abnormal nodes from a large set of unlabeled nodes in a graph. Current methods in this line posit that 1) normal nodes share a similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Guoguo Ai , Hezhe Qiao , Hui Yan , Guansong Pang

Real-world networks usually have a property of node heterophily, that is, the connected nodes usually have different features or different labels. This heterophily issue has been extensively studied in homogeneous graphs but remains…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ziyu Zheng , Yaming Yang , Ziyu Guan , Wei Zhao , Weigang Lu

Self-supervised learning has shown its promising capability in graph representation learning in recent work. Most existing pre-training strategies usually choose the popular Graph neural networks (GNNs), which can be seen as a special form…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yilin Ding , Zhen Liu , Hao Hao

This paper investigates the relationship between graph convolution and Mixup techniques. Graph convolution in a graph neural network involves aggregating features from neighboring samples to learn representative features for a specific node…