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In this article, I present an elementary introduction to the theory of gravitational waves. This article is meant for students who have had an exposure to general relativity, but, results from general relativity used in the main discussion…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 Indrajit Chakrabarty

We derive an asymptotic solution of the Einstein field equations which describes the propagation of a thin, large amplitude gravitational wave into a curved space-time. The resulting equations have the same form as the colliding plane wave…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2009-10-31 G. Ali , J. K. Hunter

In this manuscript we review the theoretical foundations of gravitational waves in the framework of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. Following Einstein's early efforts we first derive the linearised Einstein field equations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-22 Alain Dirkes

In the weak field approximation the gravitational wave is approximated as a linear wave, which ignores the nonlinear effect. In this paper, we present an exact general solution of the cylindrical gravitational wave. The exact solution of…

General Physics · Physics 2020-06-12 Yu-Zhu Chen , Yu-Jie Chen , Shi-Lin Li , Wu-Sheng Dai

The dynamics of a gravitational wave propagating through a cosmic gauge field are dramatically different than in vacuum. We show that a gravitational wave acquires an effective mass, is birefringent, and its normal modes are a linear…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-22 R. R. Caldwell , C. Devulder , N. A. Maksimova

By making use of the weak gravitational field approximation, we obtain a linearized solution of the gravitational vacuum field equation in an anisotropic spacetime. The plane-wave solution and dispersion relation of gravitational wave is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-04-03 Xin Li , Zhe Chang

In this short paper we investigate quantum gravitational effects on Einstein's equations using effective field theory techniques. We consider the leading order quantum gravitational correction to the wave equation. Besides the usual…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-24 Xavier Calmet , Iberê Kuntz , Sonali Mohapatra

The vibrating string is a source of gravitational waves which requires novel computational techniques, based on the explicit construction of a conserved and renormalized (in a classical sense) energy-momentum tensor. The renormalization is…

General Physics · Physics 2018-12-26 R. A. Lewis , G. Modanese

We show that the self-interactions present in the effective field theory formulation of general relativity can couple gravitational wave modes and generate nonclassical states. The output of gravitational nonlinear processes can also be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-05 Thiago Guerreiro

We present a systematic and robust approach to nonlinear gravitational perturbations of vacuum spacetimes. This approach provides a basis for a theory of nonlinear gravitational waves. In particular, we show that the system of perturbative…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-27 Andrzej Rostworowski

We derive the exact gravitational wave solutions in a general class of quadratic metric-affine gauge gravity models. The Lagrangian includes all possible linear and quadratic invariants constructed from the torsion, nonmetricity and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-14 Alejandro Jiménez-Cano , Yuri N. Obukhov

Refractive gravitational waves are a generalisation of impulsive waves on a null hypersurface in which the metric is discontinuous but a weaker continuity condition for areas holds. A simple example of a plane wave is examined in detail and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 John W. Barrett

For the strong gravitational wave model, an explicit transformation is obtained from a privileged coordinate system with a wave variable to a synchronous reference frame with separation of time and space variables. In a synchronous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-14 Konstantin E. Osetrin , Vladimir Y. Epp , Sergey V. Chervon

It has been argued that the energy content in time varying spacetimes can be obtained by using the approximate Lie symmetries of the geodesics equations in that spacetime. When applied to cylindrical gravitational waves, it gives a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-03-11 Asghar Qadir

The analysis of a general multibody physical system governed by Einstein's equations in quite difficult, even if numerical methods (on a computer) are used. Some of the difficulties -- many coupled degrees of freedom, dynamic instability --…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 James A. Isenberg

We present the formalism for the covariant treatment of gravitational radiation in a magnetized environment and discuss the implications of the field for gravity waves in the cosmological context. Our geometrical approach brings to the fore…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Christos G. Tsagas

Using the Einstein gravitation theory we show how to obtain the basic equations which predict the gravitational waves. This paper was written to graduate and post-graduate students of Physics. We deduce the equations didactically following…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-01-15 M. Cattani

We focus on the interaction of a plane gravitational wave with electromagnetic fields and we describe this interaction in the proper detector frame where, thanks to the introduction of Fermi coordinates, it is possible to refer to directly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-14 Matteo Luca Ruggiero

Even though the energy carried by a gravitational wave is not itself gauge invariant, the interaction with a gravitational antenna of the gravitational wave which carries that energy is. It therefore has to be possible to make some…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Philip D. Mannheim

The future detection projects of gravitational waves are expected to have the sensitivity of detecting the primordial gravitational waves, which may be useful to get new insight into the very early universe. It is essential to analyze the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-01 Tadashi Sasaki , Hisao Suzuki
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