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Backdoor attacks pose a significant security vulnerability for deep neural networks (DNNs), enabling them to operate normally on clean inputs but manipulate predictions when specific trigger patterns occur. Currently, post-training backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yanghao Su , Jie Zhang , Ting Xu , Tianwei Zhang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Watermarking is a commonly used strategy to protect creators' rights to digital images, videos and audio. Recently, watermarking methods have been extended to deep learning models -- in principle, the watermark should be preserved when an…

Intellectual property (IP) protection for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has raised serious concerns in recent years. Most existing works embed watermarks in the DNN model for IP protection, which need to modify the model and lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mingfu Xue , Xin Wang , Yinghao Wu , Shifeng Ni , Yushu Zhang , Weiqiang Liu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved tremendous success in many tasks of machine learning, such as the image classification. Unfortunately, researchers have shown that DNNs are easily attacked by adversarial examples, slightly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-17 Yujia Liu , Weiming Zhang , Shaohua Li , Nenghai Yu

Deep learning models have achieved high performance on many tasks, and thus have been applied to many security-critical scenarios. For example, deep learning-based face recognition systems have been used to authenticate users to access many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-18 Xinyun Chen , Chang Liu , Bo Li , Kimberly Lu , Dawn Song

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples which contain human-imperceptible perturbations. A series of defending methods, either proactive defence or reactive defence, have been proposed in the recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Derek Wang , Chaoran Li , Sheng Wen , Surya Nepal , Yang Xiang

To trace the copyright of deep neural networks, an owner can embed its identity information into its model as a watermark. The capacity of the watermark quantify the maximal volume of information that can be verified from the watermarked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Fangqi Li , Haodong Zhao , Wei Du , Shilin Wang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where an attacker manipulates a small portion of the training data to implant hidden backdoors into the model. The compromised model behaves normally on clean samples but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Ting Qiao , Yingjia Wang , Xing Liu , Sixing Wu , Jianbin Li , Yiming Li

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are recently shown to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where attackers embed hidden backdoors in the DNN model by injecting a few poisoned examples into the training dataset. While extensive efforts have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Zaixi Zhang , Qi Liu , Zhicai Wang , Zepu Lu , Qingyong Hu

The financial industry relies on deep learning models for making important decisions. This adoption brings new danger, as deep black-box models are known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In computer vision, one can shape the output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Alina Ermilova , Elizaveta Kovtun , Dmitry Berestnev , Alexey Zaytsev

Backdoor attacks represent a subtle yet effective class of cyberattacks targeting AI models, primarily due to their stealthy nature. The model behaves normally on clean data but exhibits malicious behavior only when the attacker embeds a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sujeevan Aseervatham , Achraf Kerzazi , Younès Bennani

Recent studies have shown that deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where a designed trigger is injected into the dataset, causing erroneous predictions when activated. In this paper, we propose a novel defense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wenjie Huo , Katinka Wolter

Detecting whether copyright holders' works were used in LLM pretraining is poised to be an important problem. This work proposes using data watermarks to enable principled detection with only black-box model access, provided that the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Ryan Yixiang Wang , Robin Jia

Due to the proliferation and widespread use of deep neural networks (DNN), their Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection has become increasingly important. This paper presents a novel model watermarking method for an unsupervised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Dongdong Lin , Benedetta Tondi , Bin Li , Mauro Barni

Deep neural networks (DNNs) provide excellent performance across a wide range of classification tasks, but their training requires high computational resources and is often outsourced to third parties. Recent work has shown that outsourced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Kang Liu , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Siddharth Garg

Recently, more and more attention has been focused on the intellectual property protection of deep neural networks (DNNs), promoting DNN watermarking to become a hot research topic. Compared with embedding watermarks directly into DNN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yong Liu , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

Protecting the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) associated to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is a pressing need pushed by the high costs required to train such networks and the importance that DNNs are gaining in our society. Following its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Yue Li , Hongxia Wang , Mauro Barni

To support various applications, a prevalent and efficient approach for business owners is leveraging their valuable datasets to fine-tune a pre-trained LLM through the API provided by LLM owners or cloud servers. However, this process…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Shen Li , Liuyi Yao , Jinyang Gao , Lan Zhang , Yaliang Li

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple participants to collaboratively build deep learning (DL) models without directly sharing data. Consequently, the issue of copyright protection in FL becomes important since unreliable participants may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Wenyuan Yang , Shuo Shao , Yue Yang , Xiyao Liu , Ximeng Liu , Zhihua Xia , Gerald Schaefer , Hui Fang

Deep learning is becoming increasingly popular in real-life applications, especially in natural language processing (NLP). Users often choose training outsourcing or adopt third-party data and models due to data and computation resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Xuan Sheng , Zhaoyang Han , Piji Li , Xiangmao Chang