Related papers: Collatz Conjecture: Patterns Within
The \textit{Collatz's conjecture} is an unsolved problem in mathematics. It is named after Lothar Collatz in 1973. The conjecture also known as Syrucuse conjecture or problem. Take any positive integer $ n $. If $ n $ is even then divide it…
This paper presents an algorithmic method that, given a positive integer $j$, generates the $j$-th convergence stair containing all natural numbers from where the Collatz conjecture holds by exactly $j$ applications of the Collatz function.…
The occurrence and the distribution of patterns of trees associated to natural numbers are investigated. Bounds from above and below are proven for certain natural quantities.
Coalescent theory is the study of random processes where particles may join each other to form clusters as time evolves. These notes provide an introduction to some aspects of the mathematics of coalescent processes and their applications…
We investigate the structure of Collatz path sequences $\{F^k(n)\}_{k=0}^{\infty}$ for positive integers $n$, where $F$ denotes the standard Collatz map. By classifying natural numbers into residue classes modulo~4, we establish that the…
Many physical, biological, and social phenomena can be described by cascades taking place on a network. Often, the activity can be empirically observed, but not the underlying network of interactions. In this paper we offer three…
The Collatz dynamic is known to generate a complex quiver of sequences over natural numbers which inflation propensity remains so unpredictable it could be used to generate reliable proof of work algorithms for the cryptocurrency industry.…
In this research, an optimal algorithm for the Collatz conjecture is presented. Properties such as the convergence of the algorithm and an equation that relates the algorithm to the classical Collatz conjecture are obtained. It is validated…
In this paper, we discuss the well known 3x+1 conjecture in form of the accelerated Collatz function T defined on the positive odd integers. We present a sequence of quotient spaces and an invertible map that are intrinsically related to…
The purpose of this study is to show how to get a necessary criterion for prime numbers with the help of special matrices. My special interest lies in the empirical research of these matrices and their patterns, structures and symmetries.…
The contour of a family of filters along a filter is a set-theoretic lower limit. Topologicity and regularity of convergences can be characterized with the aid of the contour operation. Contour inversion is studied, in particular, for…
A permutation is defined to be cycle-up-down if it is a product of cycles that, when written starting with their smallest element, have an up-down pattern. We prove bijectively and analytically that these permutations are enumerated by the…
The Collatz problem is related to the fixed point problem, and is widely used in mathematics. It has attracted a wide range of math enthusiasts, but is still difficult to solve. So, this article aimed to study the extension of the Collatz…
We define Collatz representations for a subset of rational numbers and prove that each real number \( x \notin (-1,1) \) can be approximated arbitrarily well by rational numbers which have only \( 2 \)'s and \( 1 \)'s in their Collatz…
We show that classical chaining bounds on the suprema of random processes in terms of entropy numbers can be systematically improved when the underlying set is convex: the entropy numbers need not be computed for the entire set, but only…
Cycling chaos is a heteroclinic connection between several chaotic attractors, at which switching between the chaotic sets occur at growing time intervals. Here we characterize the coherence properties of these switchings, considering…
The Collatz conjecture (or ``Syracuse problem'') considers recursively-defined sequences of positive integers where $n$ is succeeded by $\tfrac{n}{2}$, if $n$ is even, or $\tfrac{3n+1}{2}$, if $n$ is odd. The conjecture states that for all…
An operational approach to the Collatz Conjecture is presented. Scenarios are defined as strings of characters "s" (for "spike") and "d" (for "down") which symbolize the Collatz operations (3m+1)/2 and m/2 in a Collatz Series connecting two…
It is found that Lorenz systems can be unidirectionally coupled such that the chaos expands from the drive system. This is true if the response system is not chaotic, but admits a global attractor, an equilibrium or a cycle. The extension…
This paper proposes two kinds of fuzzy abductive inference in the framework of fuzzy rule base. The abductive inference processes described here depend on the semantic of the rule. We distinguish two classes of interpretation of a fuzzy…