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Deep learning methods are highly accurate, yet their opaque decision process prevents them from earning full human trust. Concept-based models aim to address this issue by learning tasks based on a set of human-understandable concepts.…

The black-box nature of deep learning models prevents them from being completely trusted in domains like biomedicine. Most explainability techniques do not capture the concept-based reasoning that human beings follow. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Avinash Kori , Parth Natekar , Ganapathy Krishnamurthi , Balaji Srinivasan

The success of recent deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) depends on learning hidden representations that can summarize the important factors of variation behind the data. However, CNNs often criticized as being black boxes that lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Bolei Zhou , David Bau , Aude Oliva , Antonio Torralba

In an attempt to gather a deeper understanding of how convolutional neural networks (CNNs) reason about human-understandable concepts, we present a method to infer labeled concept data from hidden layer activations and interpret the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Conner Chyung , Michael Tsang , Yan Liu

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are often considered black boxes due to their opaque decision-making processes. To reduce their opacity Concept Models (CMs), such as Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs), were introduced to predict human-defined…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jack Furby , Dan Cunnington , Dave Braines , Alun Preece

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) integrates deeper into diverse sectors, the quest for powerful models has intensified. While significant strides have been made in boosting model capabilities and their applicability across domains, a glaring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Shiyun Wa , Xinai Lu , Minjuan Wang

Multimodal Emotion Recognition refers to the classification of input video sequences into emotion labels based on multiple input modalities (usually video, audio and text). In recent years, Deep Neural networks have shown remarkable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ashish Ramayee Asokan , Nidarshan Kumar , Anirudh Venkata Ragam , Shylaja S Sharath

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have found their way into many applications with potential impact on the safety, security, and fairness of human-machine-systems. Such require basic understanding and sufficient trust by the users. This motivated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Gesina Schwalbe

Given the complexity and lack of transparency in deep neural networks (DNNs), extensive efforts have been made to make these systems more interpretable or explain their behaviors in accessible terms. Unlike most reviews, which focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Haoyi Xiong , Xuhong Li , Xiaofei Zhang , Jiamin Chen , Xinhao Sun , Yuchen Li , Zeyi Sun , Mengnan Du

Neural networks have greatly boosted performance in computer vision by learning powerful representations of input data. The drawback of end-to-end training for maximal overall performance are black-box models whose hidden representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Patrick Esser , Robin Rombach , Björn Ommer

Concept-based explanations permit to understand the predictions of a deep neural network (DNN) through the lens of concepts specified by users. Existing methods assume that the examples illustrating a concept are mapped in a fixed direction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Jonathan Crabbé , Mihaela van der Schaar

The black-box nature of deep learning models has raised concerns about their interpretability for successful deployment in real-world clinical applications. To address the concerns, eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Junlin Hou , Jilan Xu , Hao Chen

We present ConceptEvo, a unified interpretation framework for deep neural networks (DNNs) that reveals the inception and evolution of learned concepts during training. Our work addresses a critical gap in DNN interpretation research, as…

Continual learning aims to update models under distribution shift without forgetting, yet many high-stakes deployments, such as healthcare, also require interpretability. In practice, models that adapt well (e.g., deep networks) are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dongkyu Cho , Xiyue Li , Samrachana Adhikari , Rumi Chunara

This paper evaluates whether training a decision tree based on concepts extracted from a concept-based explainer can increase interpretability for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) models and boost the fidelity and performance of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Gayda Mutahar , Tim Miller

Fetal standard scan plane detection during 2-D mid-pregnancy examinations is a highly complex task, which requires extensive medical knowledge and years of training. Although deep neural networks (DNN) can assist inexperienced operators in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yingni Wanga , Yunxiao Liua , Licong Dongc , Xuzhou Wua , Huabin Zhangb , Qiongyu Yed , Desheng Sunc , Xiaobo Zhoue , Kehong Yuan

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems power the world we live in. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are able to solve tasks in an ever-expanding landscape of scenarios, but our eagerness to apply these powerful models leads us to focus on their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Loris Giulivi , Mark James Carman , Giacomo Boracchi

Recent advances in machine learning have led to a surge in adoption of neural networks for various tasks, but lack of interpretability remains an issue for many others in which an understanding of the features influencing the prediction is…

Modern deep neural networks have now reached human-level performance across a variety of tasks. However, unlike humans they lack the ability to explain their decisions by showing where and telling what concepts guided them. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Itay Benou , Tammy Riklin-Raviv

Interpreting the inner workings of deep learning models is crucial for establishing trust and ensuring model safety. Concept-based explanations have emerged as a superior approach that is more interpretable than feature attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Mara Graziani , Laura O' Mahony , An-Phi Nguyen , Henning Müller , Vincent Andrearczyk