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Data Shapley is an important tool for data valuation, which quantifies the contribution of individual data points to machine learning models. In practice, group-level data valuation is desirable when data providers contribute data in batch.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Kiljae Lee , Ziqi Liu , Weijing Tang , Yuan Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) allows clients to train a model collaboratively without sharing their private data. One key challenge in practical FL systems is data heterogeneity, particularly in handling clients with rare data, also referred to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Mengwei Yang , Ismat Jarin , Baturalp Buyukates , Salman Avestimehr , Athina Markopoulou

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm that enables multiple parties to collaboratively train models without sharing raw data, ensuring data privacy. In Vertical FL (VFL), where each party holds different features…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Unai Laskurain , Aitor Aguirre-Ortuzar , Urko Zurutuza

Federated Learning is introduced to protect privacy by distributing training data into multiple parties. Each party trains its own model and a meta-model is constructed from the sub models. In this way the details of the data are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Guan Wang

Cross-silo federated learning allows multiple organizations to collaboratively train machine learning models without sharing raw data, but client updates can still leak sensitive information through inference attacks. Secure aggregation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Delio Jaramillo Velez , Gergely Biczok , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Johan Ostman , Balazs Pejo

Federated learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning approach where independent learners process data privately. Its goal is to create a robust and accurate model by aggregating and retraining local models over multiple rounds.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Ensiye Kiyamousavi , Boris Kraychev , Ivan Koychev

The Shapley value (SV) and Least core (LC) are classic methods in cooperative game theory for cost/profit sharing problems. Both methods have recently been proposed as a principled solution for data valuation tasks, i.e., quantifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Tianhao Wang , Yu Yang , Ruoxi Jia

Fair credit assignment is essential in various machine learning (ML) applications, and Shapley values have emerged as a valuable tool for this purpose. However, in critical ML applications such as data valuation and feature attribution, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Pranoy Panda , Siddharth Tandon , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Vertical Federated learning (VFL) is a promising paradigm for predictive analytics, empowering an organization (i.e., task party) to enhance its predictive models through collaborations with multiple data suppliers (i.e., data parties) in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Xiao Han , Leye Wang , Junjie Wu , Xiao Fang

Federated learning (FL) has emerged with increasing popularity to collaborate distributed medical institutions for training deep networks. However, despite existing FL algorithms only allow the supervised training setting, most hospitals in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Quande Liu , Hongzheng Yang , Qi Dou , Pheng-Ann Heng

"How much is my data worth?" is an increasingly common question posed by organizations and individuals alike. An answer to this question could allow, for instance, fairly distributing profits among multiple data contributors and determining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Ruoxi Jia , David Dao , Boxin Wang , Frances Ann Hubis , Nick Hynes , Nezihe Merve Gurel , Bo Li , Ce Zhang , Dawn Song , Costas Spanos

Data possesses significant value as it fuels advancements in AI. However, protecting the privacy of the data generated by end-user devices has become crucial. Federated Learning (FL) offers a solution by preserving data privacy during…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Muhammad Azeem Khan , Howard H. Yang , Zihan Chen , Antonio Iera , Nikolaos Pappas

The majority of work in privacy-preserving federated learning (FL) has been focusing on horizontally partitioned datasets where clients share the same sets of features and can train complete models independently. However, in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Xinchi Qiu , Heng Pan , Wanru Zhao , Chenyang Ma , Pedro Porto Buarque de Gusmão , Nicholas D. Lane

The value and copyright of training data are crucial in the artificial intelligence industry. Service platforms should protect data providers' legitimate rights and fairly reward them for their contributions. Shapley value, a potent tool…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Haifeng Sun , Yu Xiong , Runze Wu , Xinyu Cai , Changjie Fan , Lan Zhang , Xiang-Yang Li

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is essential for trustworthy machine learning (ML), particularly in high-stakes domains such as healthcare and finance. Shapley value (SV) methods provide a principled framework for feature…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-03 Wangxuan Fan , Siqi Li , Doudou Zhou , Yohei Okada , Chuan Hong , Molei Liu , Nan Liu

Federated Machine Learning (FML) creates an ecosystem for multiple parties to collaborate on building models while protecting data privacy for the participants. A measure of the contribution for each party in FML enables fair credits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Guan Wang , Charlie Xiaoqian Dang , Ziye Zhou

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) has emerged as a critical approach in machine learning to address privacy concerns associated with centralized data storage and processing. VFL facilitates collaboration among multiple entities with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yue Cui , Chung-ju Huang , Yuzhu Zhang , Leye Wang , Lixin Fan , Xiaofang Zhou , Qiang Yang

Shapley values have emerged as a widely accepted and trustworthy tool, grounded in theoretical axioms, for addressing challenges posed by black-box models like deep neural networks. However, computing Shapley values encounters exponential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Borui Zhang , Baotong Tian , Wenzhao Zheng , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative learning method that enables decentralized model training while preserving data privacy. Despite its promise in medical imaging, recent FL methods are often sensitive to local factors such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Youngjoon Lee , Hyukjoon Lee , Jinu Gong , Yang Cao , Joonhyuk Kang

The proliferation of large models has intensified the need for efficient data valuation methods to quantify the contribution of individual data providers. Traditional approaches, such as game-theory-based Shapley value and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Le Ma , Shirao Yang , Zihao Wang , Yinggui Wang , Lei Wang , Tao Wei , Kejun Zhang