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We present a random number generation scheme based on measuring the phase fluctuations of a laser with a simple and compact experimental setup. A simple model is established to analyze the randomness and the simulation result based on this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-05 Jie Yang , Jinlu Liu , Qi Su , Zhengyu Li , Fan Fan , Bingjie Xu , Hong Guo

The power of quantum random number generation is more than just the ability to create truly random numbers$\unicode{x2013}$it can also enable self-testing, which allows the user to verify the implementation integrity of certain critical…

Quantum random number generators (QRNG) are based on the naturally random measurement results performed on individual quantum systems. Here, we demonstrate a branching-path photonic QRNG implemented with a Sagnac interferometer with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Joakim Argillander , Alvaro Alarcón , Guilherme B. Xavier

In this paper, we proposed an experimental implementation of quantum random number generator(QRNG) with inherent randomness of quantum tunneling effect of electrons. We exploited InGaAs/InP diodes, whose valance band and conduction band…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-29 Haihan Zhou , Junlin Li , Dong Pan , Weixing Zhang , Guilu Long

Traditional quantum random number generators can produce only one type of random number, while the optimal distribution of random numbers for different applications is usually distinct. The typical solution to this challenge is either using…

A bias-free source-independent quantum random number generator scheme based on the measurement of vacuum fluctuation is proposed to realize the effective elimination of system bias and common mode noise introduced by the local oscillator.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-17 Ziyong Zheng , Yi-Chen Zhang , Min Huang , Ziyang Chen , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Self-testing and Semi-Device Independent protocols are becoming the preferred choice for quantum technologies, being able to certify their quantum nature with few assumptions and simple experimental implementations. In particular for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-15 Davide Rusca , Hamid Tebyanian , Anthony Martin , Hugo Zbinden

Quantum random number generator harnesses the power of quantum mechanics to generate true random numbers, making it valuable for various scientific applications. However, real-world devices often suffer from imperfections that can undermine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-07 Xing Lin , Rong Wang

A quantum random number generator (QRNG) can generate true randomness by exploiting the fundamental indeterminism of quantum mechanics. Most approaches to QRNG employ single-photon detection technologies and are limited in speed. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-12 Feihu Xu , Bing Qi , Xiongfeng Ma , He Xu , Haoxuan Zheng , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Based on the intrinsic random property of quantum mechanics, quantum random number generators allow for access of truly unpredictable random sequence and are now heading towards high performance and small miniaturization, among which a…

Quantum random number generation (QRNG) relies on the inherent unpredictability of quantum mechanical phenomena to efficiently generate high-quality random numbers that can be used in a wide range of cryptography and simulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Conrad Strydom , Mark Tame

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can produce true random numbers. Yet, the two most important QRNG parameters highly desired for practical applications, i.e., speed and size, have to be compromised during implementations. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-02 Bing Bai , Jianyao Huang , Guan-Ru Qiao , You-Qi Nie , Weijie Tang , Tao Chu , Jun Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Random number generation is an enabling technology for fields as varied as Monte Carlo simulations and quantum information science. An important application is a secure quantum key distribution (QKD) system; here, we propose and demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-05 Qiang Zhou , Raju Valivarthi , Caleb John , Wolfgang Tittel

Cryptographic random number generation is critical for any quantum safe encryption. Based on the natural uncertainty of some quantum processes, variety of quantum random number generators or QRNGs have been created with physical quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-03 Randy Kuang , Dafu Lou , Alex He , Chris McKenzie , Michael Redding

Quantum randomness relies heavily on the accurate characterization of the generator implementation, where the device imperfection or inaccurate characterization can lead to incorrect entropy estimation and practical bias, significantly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-12 You-Qi Nie , Hongyi Zhou , Bing Bai , Qi Xu , Xiongfeng Ma , Jun Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

We present the physical model for the entropy source of a quantum random number generator chip based on the quantum fluctuations of the photon number emitted by light-emitting diodes. This model, combined with a characterization of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-26 Gaëtan Gras , Anthony Martin , Jeong Woon Choi , Félix Bussières

A quantum random number generator (QRNG) generates genuine randomness from the intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. The central problems for most QRNGs are estimating the entropy of the genuine randomness and producing such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-31 Feihu Xu , Jeffrey H. Shapiro , Franco N. C. Wong

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) harness the inherent unpredictability of quantum mechanics to produce true randomness. Yet, in many optical implementations, the light source remains a potential vulnerability - susceptible to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 KaiWei Qiu , Yu Cai , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Jing Yan Haw

Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) serve as high-entropy sources for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems. However, the raw data from these quantum sources require post-processing to achieve a nearly uniform distribution. This work…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Shubham Chouhan , Anurag K. S. V. , G. Raghavan , Kanaka Raju P

Secure random numbers are a fundamental element of many applications in science, statistics, cryptography and more in general in security protocols. We present a method that enables the generation of high-speed unpredictable random numbers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-15 Davide G. Marangon , Giuseppe Vallone , Paolo Villoresi